Chloropentamminecobalt chloride
Chloropentamminecobalt chloride is the dichloride salt of the coordination complex [Co(NH3)5Cl]2+. It is a red-violet, diamagnetic, water-soluble salt. The compound has been of academic and historical interest.
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| Names | |||
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| IUPAC name
Pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride
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| Other names
Pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride
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| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.034.163 | ||
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |||
| [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 | |||
| Molar mass | 250.4 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | red-violet rhomb-shaped crystal | ||
| Density | 1.783 g/mL | ||
| Boiling point | N/A | ||
| 0.4 g/100 mL | |||
| Vapor pressure | 5990 mm Hg | ||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
-1037.6 kJ/mol | ||
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)
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−606.48 kJ/mol | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Synthesis and reactions
editThe salt is prepared with a two-step process starting with oxidizing a solution of cobalt chloride and ammonia.[1][2]
- 2 CoCl2·6H2O + 10 NH3 + 2 HCl + H2O2 → 2 [Co(NH3)5(OH2)]Cl3 + 12 H2O
This intermediate is then heated to induce coordination of one of the outer sphere chloride ligands:
- [Co(NH3)5(OH2)]Cl3 → [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 + H2O
The dication [Co(NH3)5Cl]2+ has idealized C4v symmetry.[3] [4]
In an aqueous solution, chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride reforms aquopentammine complex. With concentrated sulfuric acid, chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride forms the hydrogen sulfate complex [Co(NH3)5OSO3H]2+.
History
editCobalt complexes have been of long-standing interest in inorganic chemistry because they are numerous, easily prepared, and colorful. It was partly on the basis of his study of cobalt coordination chemistry that Alfred Werner was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Prior to Werner, the models of amine complexes postulated chains of pentavalent nitrogen centers. This Jørgensen–Bloomstrand model was overthrown by Werner who introduced the idea that coordination complexes feature metal atoms of octahedral and tetrahedral shapes, with ammonia and other ligands attached individually to the metal. Werner's model accounted for the inner sphere ligands being less reactive.[5] In [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2, two chloride ions are outer sphere (counter ions) and one is bound to the Co(III) center: reaction with excess silver nitrate would immediately precipitate the two chloride counter ions, but the bound chloride ion would not be precipitated.
Health
editAlso known as CPACC the molecule is investigated in relation with limiting the magnesium available for mitochondria and subsequent metabolic health benefits.[6][7][8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Gert G. Schlessinger (1967). "Chloropentaamminecobalt(III) Chloride". Inorganic Syntheses. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 9. p. 160. doi:10.1002/9780470132401.ch43. ISBN 9780470132401.
- ^ Williams, Gregory M; Olmsted, John, III; Preksa, Andrew P., III (1989). "Coordination complexes of cobalt: inorganic synthesis in the general chemistry laboratory". Journal of Chemical Education. 66 (12): 1043–5. Bibcode:1989JChEd..66.1043W. doi:10.1021/ed066p1043.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ G. G. Messmer; E. L. Amma (1968). "Redetermination of the crystal structure of chloropentaamminecobalt(III) dichloride". Acta Crystallogr. B. 24 (3): 417–422. doi:10.1107/S0567740868002475.
- ^ Hambley, Trevor W.; Lay, Peter A. (1986). "Comparisons of π-bonding and hydrogen bonding in isomorphous compounds: [M(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 (M = Cr, Co, Rh, Ir, Ru, Os)". Inorganic Chemistry. 25 (25): 4553–8. doi:10.1021/ic00245a020.
- ^ Schwab, E. (8 September 2003). "Cobalt". Chemical & Engineering News. 81 (36): 80. doi:10.1021/cen-v081n036.p080.
- ^ Antonio, University of Texas Health Science Center at San (2023-04-09). "Magnesium Magic: New Drug Delivers Weight Loss Even on Sugary, Fatty Diet". SciTechDaily. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
- ^ Madaris, Travis R.; Venkatesan, Manigandan; Maity, Soumya; Stein, Miriam C.; Vishnu, Neelanjan; Venkateswaran, Mridula K.; Davis, James G.; Ramachandran, Karthik; Uthayabalan, Sukanthathulse; Allen, Cristel; Osidele, Ayodeji; Stanley, Kristen; Bigham, Nicholas P.; Bakewell, Terry M.; Narkunan, Melanie (2023-03-28). "Limiting Mrs2-dependent mitochondrial Mg2+ uptake induces metabolic programming in prolonged dietary stress". Cell Reports. 42 (3): 112155. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112155. ISSN 2211-1247. PMC 10134742. PMID 36857182.
- ^ Sansom, Will (2023-03-21). "Novel drug makes mice slim even on sugary, fatty diet". UT Health San Antonio. Retrieved 2023-04-10.