Wikipedia

Rhee Taekwon-Do

(Redirected from Chong Hyup Rhee)
Not to be confused with Jhoon Rhee-style Taekwondo.

Rhee Taekwon-Do (Korean: 리태권도; Hanja: 李跆拳道), also known as Rhee Tae Kwon-Do, Rhee Tae Kwon Do, or Rhee Taekwondo,[a] is a martial art school in Australia[b] teaching the Korean martial art of taekwondo. Its full name is "Rhee International Taekwon-Do (Australia)". Chong Chul Rhee, one of the original masters of taekwondo, founded the school in the mid-1960s.[1] Two of Rhee's brothers, Chong Hyup Rhee and Chong Yoon Rhee, later came to assist him in the 1970s.

Rhee Taekwon-Do
(리태권도; 李跆拳道)
Rhee International Taekwon-Do (Australia) logo
Rhee International Taekwon-Do (Australia) logo
Date foundedc. 1965
Country of originSouth Korea
FounderChong Chul Rhee
Current headChong Chul Rhee
Arts taughtTaekwondo

C. C. Rhee claims the title 'Father of Australian Taekwondo'[1][2][3] and Rhee Taekwon-Do is widely publicised as being Australia's first and biggest taekwondo school.[3][4] It has at least 294 publicly listed dojang (training halls) in Australia,[5] with perhaps around 1,400 dojang in total at its peak.[6] Several Australian martial art school founders received their foundational taekwondo training in Rhee's school.

Rhee Taekwon-Do is an independent martial art organisation. It was once affiliated with the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF),[c] but has had no relation to the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF).[d]

Founding

edit
 
Chong Chul Rhee, one of the twelve original masters of taekwondo, founded Rhee Taekwon-Do in the mid-1960s

Chong Chul Rhee, 8th dan, is the founder and head of Rhee Taekwon-Do. He holds the title 'World Master' and claims the title 'Father of Australian Taekwondo.'[1][3][7] Rhee is one of the twelve original masters of taekwondo[8] selected from the South Korean military to develop taekwondo under Choi Hong Hi in the Korea Taekwon-Do Association (KTA).[e] Rhee is a former unarmed combat instructor in the Korean Marines, and helped introduce taekwondo to Southeast Asia (notably in Malaysia and Singapore) before becoming the first taekwondo master sent to Australia by the Republic of Korea.

Rhee has worked towards the reunification of Korea, serving as a member during the third through ninth terms—and as Chairman for the eighth term—of the Oceania Division of the Advisory Council on Democratic and Peaceful Unification.[9] He has also served as Chairman of the Seoul Olympics Supporting Committee and founding President of the Korean Community Hall Construction Supporting Committee.[9] The Republic of Korea awarded Rhee the Dongbaeg Medal (동백장) in 2003 for promoting taekwondo and Korean culture over the past 33 years.[6]

Two of Rhee's brothers, Chong Hyup Rhee and Chong Yoon Rhee, also hold the title of 'Master' in Rhee Taekwon-Do and assist him in managing parts of the school.[f] Chong Hyup Rhee, 7th dan, is in charge of operations in Melbourne.[10][11] He appears on the right in the school's logo. C. H. Rhee is also one of the twelve original masters of taekwondo,[8] and helped introduce the art of taekwondo to Malaysia and Singapore[g] before arriving in Australia in 1970.[h] He conducts grading examinations in Melbourne and Darwin.[12] Chong Yoon Rhee, 9th dan,[13] is in charge of operations in parts of Sydney. He trained under Nam Tae Hi during the late 1950s, served as a South Korean army officer, and helped introduce the art of taekwondo to Vietnam in the late 1960s.[13] C. Y. Rhee retired from military service at the rank of Major, and moved to Australia in January 1976.[13]

C. C. Rhee and C. H. Rhee are listed as pioneers in Asia (1950s and 1960s) and Australia (1970s) in Chang Keun Choi's list of taekwondo pioneers,[14] while C. Y. Rhee came to Australia some time later.

Significance

edit
 
A ladies' training session being conducted by a senior Rhee Taekwon-Do instructor

Rhee Taekwon-Do occupies a prominent place in Australian taekwondo history. This is reflected in three key claims:[3] (1) Chong Chul Rhee is the Father of Australian Taekwondo, (2) Rhee Taekwon-Do is the first taekwondo school in Australia, and (3) Rhee Taekwon-Do is the biggest taekwondo school in Australia. The school has widely publicised these claims since at least the 1980s.

Father of Australian Taekwondo

edit

Numerous claims have been made on who was the father of Australian Taekwondo by other martial art masters:

  • Chan Yong Kim, 9th dan, was the first tang soo do instructor in Australia.[15] He arrived in the early 1960s,[15][16][17] sponsored by the Silvertop Taxi Karate Club[15][18] or the Judo Federation of Australia,[19] and stayed for one or two years before moving overseas. Kim might be considered the first taekwondo instructor in Australia if tang soo do were recognised as taekwondo retrospectively,[i] and so might lay claim to the title. Kim did not establish a taekwondo school in Australia.
  • Jack Rozinsky, 9th dan (Jidokwan), founded the Shuto Karate Club in 1963;[18][20] it later became the Melbourne Taekwondo Centre. As Rozinsky taught tang soo do there, he might be considered the first taekwondo school founder in Australia (again, if tang soo do were recognised as taekwondo retrospectively),[i] and so might lay claim to the title. Rozinsky did not introduce taekwondo outside Victoria.
  • Ke Hyung No, 8th dan (WTF), was invited to Australia by the Victoria Judo Federation in 1965, and taught taekwondo alongside judo.[21][22] If tang soo do were not recognised as taekwondo retrospectively, No might lay claim to the title. He travelled back to South Korea for further training, returned to Australia in 1971, and established his own martial arts centre at that time.[21] As with Rozinsky, No did not introduce taekwondo outside Victoria.
  • Terence Walsh, 8th dan (World Kido Federation), claims to have introduced taekwondo to New South Wales in 1969.[23][24] If he was the first to introduce taekwondo to Australia's most populous state, then he might lay claim to the title. Walsh did not introduce taekwondo outside the eastern states.
  • Young Ku Yun, 8th dan (ITF), has been described as having introduced taekwondo to Sydney in 1971.[25] If he was the first to introduce taekwondo to Australia's largest city, then he might lay claim to the title. Yun arrived around five years after Rhee, however, and himself claimed to be the first ITF instructor (rather than the first taekwondo instructor) in Australia.[26]
  • Wee Hin (Steven) Cheah, 9th Dan. Sent by the ITF to Australia in the 1960s, opened his first school in Melbourne. In 1969 was promoted to Queensland Chief Instructor and opened a school in Townsville, Cheah is also considered to be one of the fathers of Australian Taekwon-Do. Having trained under General Choi and C.K Choi in Malaysia. Grand Master Cheah holds the rank of 9th Dan and runs his own federation. Cheah Advanced Taekwondo Australia.

Cheah, Kim and No would have been in the lower dan ranks, and would not yet have held the title of 'Master,' when they were invited to teach in Australia. A biography of No indicates that he had four years' training when he arrived.[22] Rozinsky and Walsh would have held 1st dan ranking in the 1960s. Both Rhee (KTA) and Yun (ITF) would have been in the middle dan ranks and held the title of 'Master' when they arrived, as they were sent to Australia by their respective Korean governing bodies.

 
A twin knife-hand strike into two stacks of roof tiles as part of a Rhee Taekwon-Do 2nd dan grading test

First taekwondo school in Australia

edit

Rhee Taekwon-Do was the first Australian martial art school founded by a Korean master and using the name of taekwondo. Rhee's school was also the first nationwide taekwondo school in Australia, having operated in South Australia from its founding in the mid-1960s, Western Australia from at least 1970,[27] Victoria from at least 1970,[28] the Australian Capital Territory from 1971,[29] Queensland from at least 1973,[30] New South Wales from 1973,[27] and Tasmania from at least 1983.[31] The first Rhee Taekwon-Do class was held in the Adelaide YMCA centre.[32]

Rhee Taekwon-Do's position as the first taekwondo school in Australia might be challenged by the Melbourne Taekwondo Centre (originally the Shuto Karate Club),[18] as tang soo do was one of the arts taught there. Such status would, however, involve recognising tang soo do as taekwondo retrospectively.[i] The Melbourne Taekwondo Centre incorporated taekwondo into its name in the 1970s.[33]

Biggest taekwondo school in Australia

edit

Rhee Taekwon-Do's position as the biggest taekwondo school in Australia is supported by independently verifiable listings of dojang.[5] It has at least 294 publicly listed dojang in Australia,[5] with perhaps around 1,400 dojang in total at its peak.[6] The claim might be disputed if the Australian member schools of the ITF and the WTF were considered as 'schools' as a whole, whether in terms of numbers of dojang or numbers of members. Rhee Taekwon-Do is, however, a single school under the direct leadership of Rhee while both the ITF[34][35] and WTF[36] are groups of schools (each with its own head) under a larger governing body.

Ex-Rhee members

edit
 
C. C. Rhee promoting a member to the rank of Rhee Taekwon-Do 1st dan

At least 25 founders of Australian martial art schools (and at least one in New Zealand) received their foundational taekwondo training in Rhee Taekwon-Do or are former Rhee Taekwon-Do instructors. Of these ex-members, the highest-ranked was a Rhee Taekwon-Do 6th dan instructor when he left Rhee's school.

International Taekwon-Do Federation

edit

Ex-members who founded ITF schools include some of the most senior ITF instructors in Australia. Peter Barbour, 8th Dan, was a 2nd Dan instructor in Victoria, under C.H. Rhee in the '80's. Ming Tuck Low, 8th dan, was promoted to Rhee Taekwon-Do 1st dan in 1971, and was a Rhee Taekwon-Do instructor at the University of Western Australia in 1972.[37][38][39][40] Peter Wong, 7th dan, trained in Rhee Taekwon-Do in Western Australia in the early 1970s.[40][41] Jamie Moore, 8th dan, commenced Rhee Taekwon-Do training in Queensland in 1976.[42][43] Several other ex-members have founded ITF schools across Australia.[j]

Other taekwondo styles

edit

Ex-members who founded non-ITF taekwondo schools include some of the more expansionist instructors in Australia. John Ivanov, 9th dan, was a Rhee Taekwon-Do regional instructor in Queensland in 1995.[44][45][46] Robert Frost, 7th dan, was a Rhee Taekwon-Do regional instructor in New South Wales in 2003.[47][48] Lesley Hicks, 6th dan, commenced Rhee Taekwon-Do training in the late 1970s, and was a Rhee Taekwon-Do 3rd dan regional instructor in New South Wales in 2003.[49][50][51] Vernon Low, 7th dan, was the Rhee Taekwon-Do State Master Instructor of South Australia,[52] was the first Rhee Taekwon-Do instructor promoted to 5th dan,[53] and had been ranked at 4th dan as early as 1974,[54] prior to establishing his own school.[55][k] Neville Creevey 6th dan, was a former Student of C.C Rhee in the 1970s, would later become a regional Instructor for Russell Fallon’s K.A.T.O. Several other ex-members have founded non-ITF taekwondo schools.[l]

Other martial arts

edit

Ex-members who founded schools teaching martial arts other than taekwondo include three instructors with an eclectic martial arts history. Hans Fricke, 8th dan, first met Rhee in Perth in 1970 (with Fricke bearing an introductory letter from the ITF, as he had trained briefly in South Korea), was a Rhee Taekwon-Do 2nd dan instructor in Sydney during the 1970s, and now teaches battodo.[27][56][57] Christopher Nasiłowski, 10th dan, trained in Rhee Taekwon-Do in Adelaide from 1972 to 1984, was a Rhee Taekwon-Do 2nd dan instructor, and taught arnis and jujitsu.[58] Graham Healy, 8th dan, trained in Rhee Taekwon-Do in Queensland from 1977 to 1982, was a Rhee Taekwon-Do 1st dan instructor, and now teaches boxing and taekwondo.[59][60] Several other ex-members have founded other martial art schools.[m]

Training

edit
 
A Rhee Taekwon-Do self-defence drill to practise deflecting an incoming punch aimed at the face

Rhee Taekwon-Do teaches the military style of taekwondo, closer to traditional martial art than modern martial sport in nature. Training consists of exercises that may be classified as: basics (group drill exercises; similar to kihon in karate), destruction (breaking), hyung (patterns or forms), self-defence, and sparring.[61][62][63][64][65] Basics, destruction, hyung, and self-defence are similar to equivalent exercises in other traditional martial art schools. Rhee Taekwon-Do teaches the ITF Ch'ang Hon forms hyung.[66][67][68]

Sparring takes three forms: three-step sparring, one-step sparring, and free sparring. Three-step sparring and one-step sparring are similar to equivalent exercises in ITF and WTF schools, but free sparring is different, having more in common with traditional karate sparring. Rhee Taekwon-Do free sparring is unscored, unarmoured,[69] and usually 'non-contact' in principle.[70] Members typically achieve non-contact sparring by two methods, whether separately or in combination:

  • The attacker consciously stops just short of hitting the training partner, while still executing attacks with full speed and power.[69][71] The attacker has primary responsibility for non-contact, at a given moment during sparring, and this typically occurs when one training partner has more experience than the other. This is normally the practice when one training partner is a beginner.
  • The defender actively avoids or blocks an incoming attack executed by the training partner.[72] The defender has primary responsibility for non-contact, at a given moment during sparring, and this typically occurs with training partners of similar experience. This is normally the practice when both training partners are in the senior ranks.

Ranks

edit
 
Rhee Taekwon-Do 1st, 2nd, and 3rd dan black belts

Rhee Taekwon-Do ranks are denoted by coloured belts, which indicate a member's level of experience and responsibility within the school. There are ten coloured belt grades, or kup ranks (급), and nine black belt degrees, or dan ranks (단).[73][74] Members start with white belts and progress through yellow, green, blue, brown, and then black. Most Rhee Tae Kwon-Do students have the opportunity to grade at least four times a year.

Non-black belts, from white through to brown, denote the kup ranks. 'Tips' denoting odd-numbered kup ranks are marked by a stripe of the higher colour near the right end (from the wearer's point of view) of a belt of the lower colour. Black belts denote the dan ranks. A specific dan rank is represented by the number of white bars embroidered on the black belt. A black belt with no bars is a Junior Black Belt, a rank assigned to members considered too young (typically 15 years or younger) for 1st dan.[75][76][77][78] Junior Black Belt members are tested for 1st dan when they reach 18 years of age.[79] One bar denotes 1st dan, two bars denote 2nd dan, and so on. The end of the belt bearing the dan rank also carries embroidery noting the name of the master issuing the promotion (Chong Chul Rhee, Chong Hyup Rhee, or Chong Yoon Rhee).

From mid 2018 onwards, at least 3 regional instructors have been promoted to the rank of 7th Dan, with the title of "Master Instructor". This was previously unheard of, in Rhee Tae Kwondo, as the organisation has historically been very slow to promote senior Dan ranks.

See also

edit

Notes

edit

a. ^ "Rhee Taekwon-Do" is the spelling used in the earliest versions of the school's logo. All four spellings appear in official documentation and on uniforms. "Rhee Tae Kwon-Do" appears to be the most common spelling used in membership booklets issued by the school. The figures directly beneath the logo are Jong Soo Park on the left and Chong Hyup Rhee on the right.[80][81]

b. ^ Rhee Taekwon-Do has also operated in other parts of Oceania in the past, such as Papua New Guinea. In 2008, the school appears to operate exclusively in Australia and New Zealand.

c. ^ Photographs of Rhee Taekwon-Do banners and uniforms from the 1970s and the school's use of the Chang Hon hyung establish its link with the International Taekwon-Do Federation for part of its history.[82]

d. ^ The University of Melbourne's Tae Kwon Do Club might be considered an exception, as it offers both Rhee Taekwon-Do and WTF taekwondo (in separate classes).[83]

e. ^ The KTA (1959/1961) predated both the ITF (1966) and the WTF (1973).[84][85][86] The modern KTA is closely aligned to the WTF.[87]

f. ^ Nigel Higgs,[88] Judy Tynan,[89][90] and Jerry Hatter[91] are some of the Rhee Taekwon-Do instructors also recognised as Masters, holding the title of Regional Master Instructor. John O'Brien had previously been a Regional Master Instructor in Rhee Taekwon-Do,[52][92] prior to leaving with V. Low.[93][94]

g. ^ While discussing the introduction of taekwondo to Malaysia and Singapore, Ki Ha Rhee noted that Choi had instructed him to bring another instructor with him. Almost certainly referring to C. H. Rhee, he added, "That's why I took the brother of Rhee Chong Chul—from Rhee International—he was the first to graduate so he came to Malaysia then I brought him to Singapore" (p. 52).[95]

h. ^ According to Museum Victoria, there were only 72 Koreans in Victoria in 1971.[96]

i. ^ The Korean striking art taught by Kim, Rozinsky, and No in the 1960s was described as tang soo do[15] or Korean karate,[16] and not as taekwondo. It is a matter of interpretation whether the art should be called taekwondo retrospectively. The Shuto Karate Club (founded by Rozinsky in 1963)[18] later became the Melbourne Taekwondo Centre, and tang soo do was one of the arts taught there. In contrast to the Australian sources, US author B. Maclaughlin (1972) reported: "In addition to his time-consuming work in judo, Kim found the opportunity to further the interest of Korean karate and established the first Australian tae kwon do school in Melbourne. The new club was heartily endorsed by Kim's karate sensei, General Hong-Hi Choi, head of the Korean Tae Kwon Do Association" (p. 27).[97] See Korea Taekwondo Association and Tang Soo Do for more information.

j. ^ Ex-members who founded ITF schools also include: Misko (Michael) Kordanovski, 8th dan;[98][99][100][101][102] Graham Moulden, 8th dan;[103][104][105][106][107][108][109] Spiridon Cariotis, 7th dan;[110][111][112] Steve Weston, 6th dan;[31][113] Scott Bower, 6th dan;[114] George Gabrielides, 5th dan;[115] Catherine McMaster;[116][117] Steven Luxmoore, 5th dan;[118][119] Trevor Harbrow, 2nd dan;[120][121][122][123][124] Shane Astwood, 3rd dan;[125] and Robert Clarkson, 4th dan,[126] Kordanovski was a Rhee Taekwon-Do 4th dan instructor under C. H. Rhee in Melbourne and was promoted to ITF 7th dan (ITF Master Instructor status) in 2007. His nephew Dragi Kuzmanovski trained in Rhee Taekwon-Do from 1975 to 1995 and was also a Rhee Taekwon-Do instructor.[98] Moulden commenced Rhee Taekwon-Do training in Queensland in 1976, was promoted to Rhee Taekwon-Do 1st dan in 1979, was a Rhee Taekwon-Do 3rd dan regional instructor in 1993, and was promoted to ITF 7th dan in 2012. Cariotis trained in Rhee Taekwon-Do around the early 1980s. Weston commenced Rhee Taekwon-Do training in Tasmania in 1983, was promoted to Rhee Taekwon-Do 1st dan in 1986, and was a Rhee Taekwon-Do instructor in 1993. Bower commenced training in Rhee in 1984, was promoted to Rhee Taekwon-Do 1st dan in 1988 and was a Rhee Taekwon-Do instructor in Townsville until 1999. Gabrielides was a Rhee Taekwon-Do instructor in Sydney from the 1980s until 1999. McMaster commenced training in Rhee Taekwon-Do in Adelaide, was promoted to Rhee Taekwon-Do 1st dan, was a Rhee Taekwon-Do instructor in Adelaide, and now teaches in her own school in Canberra. Luxmoore trained in Rhee Taekwon-Do in Queensland from 1986 to 1991, and was promoted to Rhee Taekwon-Do 1st dan. Harbrow was a Rhee Taekwon-Do 2nd dan instructor in New Zealand in 2003. Astwood commenced Rhee Taekwon-Do training in Queensland in 1992, and was a Rhee Taekwon-Do 1st dan instructor in 2003. Clarkson was a Rhee Taekwon-Do 1st dan member.

k. ^ Along with C. Y. Rhee, V. Low is a former Technical Advisor to Australasian Fighting Arts magazine, while C. C. Rhee and C. H. Rhee are former Special Consultants to that publication.[127]

l. ^ Ex-members who founded non-ITF taekwondo schools also include: Hassan Iskandar, 7th dan (WTF);[128] Graham Johnson, 7th dan;[129][130] Trevor Dicks, 7th dan;[44][131] Wahid Halimee, 7th dan, and Carol Halimee, 6th dan;[132][133][134] Bradley Tatnell, 8th dan;[135][136] Nasim Chami, 6th dan;[137] Glen Corbett, 5th dan, and Paul Corbett, 5th dan;[138][139] and Paul Mitchell, 5th dan.[140][141][142][143][144][145] Iskandar trained in Rhee Taekwon-Do in Sydney in the 1970s, and now leads a WTF school in Tasmania. Johnson was a Rhee Taekwon-Do instructor in Queensland in the 1970s. Dicks was a Rhee Taekwon-Do 2nd dan regional instructor in Queensland in 1993. W. Halimee commenced Rhee Taekwon-Do training in 1976 and was a Rhee Taekwon-Do senior instructor in South Australia around 1990,[53][132] while C. Halimee commenced Rhee Taekwon-Do training in 1972 or 1974, according to two different autobiographical accounts,[133][146] and was a Rhee Taekwon-Do instructor in South Australia in 1993.[146] Tatnell commenced Rhee Taekwon-Do training in Queensland in the 1980s, was a Rhee Taekwon-Do instructor in 1993, and now teaches taekwondo and hapkido. Chami commenced Rhee Taekwon-Do training in New South Wales in 1979, and was promoted to Rhee Taekwon-Do 1st dan in 1986. G. Corbett and P. Corbett commenced Rhee Taekwon-Do training in New South Wales in 1979 and 1980, respectively. Mitchell was a Rhee Taekwon-Do 3rd dan regional instructor in Sydney in the early 2000s.

m. ^ Ex-members who founded schools teaching martial arts other than taekwondo also include: Sai Thow Lam;[37][38][147][148][149] Rod Power;[150][151][152] Glenn Puckeridge, 4th dan;[153][154] Kay Thoren;[155] Glen Gardiner, 7th dan;[156][157] and Kacey Chong.[158][159][160][161] Lam commenced Rhee Taekwon-Do training in Western Australia in the early 1970s, and now teaches his own martial art based on kung fu. Power commenced Rhee Taekwon-Do training in Western Australia in 1973, was a Rhee Taekwon-Do instructor in the mid-1970s, and now teaches Chinese martial arts. Puckeridge commenced Rhee Taekwon-Do training in New South Wales in the 1970s under C. Y. Rhee, and now teaches several martial arts, with a focus on wing chun kung fu. Thoren commenced Rhee Taekwon-Do training in the early 1980s, was promoted to 1st dan in 1984 and became a Rhee Taekwon-Do instructor the following year, and now teaches tai chi. Gardiner commenced Rhee Taekwon-Do training in Queensland in 1983, and now teaches karate, battodo, and eskrima. Chong commenced Rhee Taekwon-Do training in Victoria in the 1990s under C. H. Rhee, and now teaches kickboxing.

n. ^ Ivanov, Dicks, Frost, and Hicks all rose from Rhee Taekwon-Do 2nd/3rd dan to 5th/6th dan, promoted by the WTF or other taekwondo organisations, within a year or two of leaving Rhee's school. Moulden and Harbrow were exceptions to this trend.

References

edit
  1. ^ a b c An interview with World Master Chong Chul Rhee, 8th Dan, the Father of Australian Taekwon-Do Archived 3 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine Australasian Fighting Arts (March 1985). Retrieved 13 June 2007.
  2. ^ Martial Arts section of the Yellow Pages Australian telephone directory
  3. ^ a b c d See the back cover of Australasian Fighting Arts since at least 1995, including volumes 17(6) from 1995, 18(4) from 1996, and 19(1) from 1997.
  4. ^ Rhee TaeKwon-Do Brisbane and Sunshine Coast (2009). Retrieved 1 August 2009; link updated on 6 March 2011.
  5. ^ a b c Rhee Taekwon-Do Melbourne: National Listing (2005). Retrieved 17 June 2007.
  6. ^ a b c Chong, S. (28 January 2003). 호주 태권도 대부' 이종철씨, 국민훈장 동백장 서훈 (in Korean). The Sydney Korean Herald. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2009. Originally retrieved 15 July 2007; archived version retrieved 24 July 2009.
  7. ^ Rhee Tae Kwon Do Mildura/Sunraysia (2009). Retrieved 1 August 2009.
  8. ^ a b "A tribute to the original masters". c. 2007. Archived from the original on 25 May 2010. Retrieved 7 November 2011. Originally retrieved 13 June 2007; archived version retrieved 7 November 2011.
  9. ^ a b 민주평화통일자문회의 대양주협의회 [in Korean] (2002). "Former Chairman". 민주평화통일자문회의 대양주협의회. Archived from the original on 6 February 2005. Retrieved 8 November 2011. Originally retrieved 24 April 2003; archived version retrieved 8 November 2011.
  10. ^ Anonymous (2005): Crunch time for students Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Latrobe Valley Express (29 August 2005). Retrieved 5 January 2010.
  11. ^ Rhee Taekwon-Do (Victoria): Training centres and times (2010). Retrieved 5 January 2010.
  12. ^ Rhee Tae Kwon Do Northern Territory (c. 2007). Retrieved 24 August 2007.
  13. ^ a b c Rhee Taekwondo Sydney: About the Grand Master (c. 2011). Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  14. ^ Choi, C. K. (2007): Tae Kwon Do Pioneers. Retrieved 15 March 2008. Archived 12 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ a b c d Ta'kody, J. (2001): "Jack Rozinsky: The art of a lifetime (Part 1)." Australasian Taekwondo, 10(1):8–11.
  16. ^ a b No's Taekwondo (c. 2007). Retrieved 15 June 2007.
  17. ^ Stone, B. (2003): "Man of honour: Master Ke Hyung No." Australasian Taekwondo, 12(3):14–17.
  18. ^ a b c d Anonymous (2007): "Jack Rozinsky." In S. Morelli (Ed.), Taekwondo: Special collector's edition 2007 (pp. 54–55). Mulgrave, Australia: Blitz Publications.
  19. ^ "Biography of Grandmaster Chan-Yong Kim". c. 2007. Archived from the original on 3 July 2008. Retrieved 8 November 2011. Originally retrieved 15 June 2007; archived version retrieved 8 November 2011.
  20. ^ Rozinsky, J. (1996): "Fighting frames." Australasian Taekwondo, 4(4):53.
  21. ^ a b No, S. (2015): No's Taekwondo: The History of Taekwondo in Australia. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  22. ^ a b No's Taekwondo: Grandmaster Ke Hyung No (c. 2015). Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  23. ^ Walsh, T. F. (1999): "Grandmaster Kwang Sung Hang: Taekwondo pioneer." Australasian Taekwondo, 8(3):48–50.
  24. ^ Walsh Martial Arts Australia (c. 2007). Retrieved 14 June 2007.
  25. ^ Anonymous (1997): "Grandmaster Yun: The changing face of martial arts." Australasian Taekwondo, 6(2):9–12.
  26. ^ Yun Jung Do (c. 2007). Retrieved 21 June 2007; link updated on 6 November 2011.
  27. ^ a b c Fricke, H. J. (2004): Rhee International Tae Kwon Do Australia 1970–1979 Originally retrieved 1 January 2005; new version retrieved 24 July 2009.
  28. ^ Rhee Tae Kwon-do Victoria - Caulfield North - Vic 3161 - Goguide (c. 2017). Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  29. ^ Muyot, J. (1993): "The A.C.T. celebrates 21st anniversary." Rhee Taekwondo, Autumn 1993:12–13.
  30. ^ "The History of Rhee Taekwondo". c. 2007. Archived from the original on 21 August 2008. Retrieved 8 November 2011. Originally retrieved 30 August 2007; archived version retrieved 8 November 2011.
  31. ^ a b Southern ITF Taekwon-Do (c. 2007). Retrieved 14 June 2007; link updated on 14 February 2009.
  32. ^ Rhee Taekwondo: South Australia – History of Rhee Taekwondo Archived 9 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2007). Retrieved 3 November 2007.
  33. ^ Melbourne Taekwondo Centre: All about MTC[dead link] (c. 2013). Retrieved 19 February 2013.
  34. ^ International Taekwon-Do Federation Constitution (28 April 2007) (ITF-NK, Chang). Retrieved 26 August 2007; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011. Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^ International Taekwon-Do Federation Constitution (ITF-C, Choi). Retrieved 26 August 2007.
  36. ^ World Taekwondo Federation organizational chart (c. 2007). Retrieved 26 August 2007; link updated on 8 November 2011.
  37. ^ a b McQueen, P. (2006): "Smart—not hard." Australasian Taekwondo, 15(2):28–33.
  38. ^ a b Ainley, M. (1997): "All in the family." Australasian Taekwondo, 6(4):37–40.
  39. ^ Low Taekwon-Do Academy (c. 2003). Retrieved 24 April 2003; link updated on 14 June 2007.
  40. ^ a b ITF: Masters (2010). Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  41. ^ Tae Kwon-Do Ki-Do Kwan Archived 14 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2007). Retrieved 15 June 2007.
  42. ^ "Authentic Taekwon-Do Australia: About Master Jamie Moore". c. 2003. Archived from the original on 7 August 2007. Retrieved 8 November 2011. Originally retrieved 24 April 2003; archived version retrieved 8 November 2011.
  43. ^ Authentic Taekwon-Do: Visit by Grandmaster Hwang Kwang Sung (15 June 2011). Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  44. ^ a b Anonymous (1995): "Inside Rhee Tae Kwon-Do." Australasian Taekwondo, 4(3):15–17.
  45. ^ South Pacific Taekwon-Do (c. 2007). Retrieved 26 August 2007.
  46. ^ "Taekwon-Do International Dan Certifications". c. 2007. Archived from the original on 16 September 2008. Retrieved 8 November 2011. Originally retrieved 12 October 2007; archived version retrieved 8 November 2011.
  47. ^ Toogee Taekwondo (c. 2007). Retrieved 17 June 2007.
  48. ^ Toogee Treks Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2007). Retrieved 17 June 2007; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011. New version retrieved 8 November 2011, but does not contain the same level of detail as the original.
  49. ^ Seedsman, N., & Stone, B. (2005): "The spirit of self-defence: An interview with Master Les Hicks." Australasian Taekwondo, 14(1):58–62.
  50. ^ Shimjang Taekwondo (c. 2007). Retrieved 26 August 2007.
  51. ^ Anonymous (2007): "Master Les Hicks," in S. Morelli (Ed.), Taekwondo: Special collector's edition 2007 (pp. 98–99). Mulgrave, Australia: Blitz Publications.
  52. ^ a b Rhee Taekwondo: South Australia – Instructors Archived 9 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2010). Retrieved 6 March 2011.
  53. ^ a b Low, V. (c. 1990): Dynamic Korean Art Archived 28 March 2006 at archive.today Retrieved 8 July 2008.
  54. ^ Macauley, L. (c. 2006): Okinawa Shuri Ken Shorin Ryu Karate-do: South Australia Archived 26 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 24 September 2010; link updated on 29 November 2011.
  55. ^ First Taekwondo – South Australia: Master Vernon Low (2012). Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  56. ^ Australian Battodo Association Dan registry (c. 2007). Retrieved 25 August 2007; link updated on 6 November 2011.
  57. ^ Australasian Martial Arts Hall of Fame: Hans Joachim Fricke JP (2010). Retrieved 2 December 2011.
  58. ^ Martial arts biography: Christopher Nasilowski (c. 2007). Retrieved 30 July 2007.
  59. ^ Healy's Health and Fitness (c. 2007). Retrieved 14 June 2007.
  60. ^ Condensed time line history of Master Graham Healy [dead link] (2008). Retrieved 17 April 2008; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011.
  61. ^ Anonymous (2002): Shannan attains her black belt Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Milton Ulladulla Times (3 October 2002). Retrieved 3 December 2009.
  62. ^ Anonymous (2005): Fricke reaches the first degree Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Latrobe Valley Express (25 July 2005). Retrieved 3 December 2009.
  63. ^ Anonymous (c. 2008): Canberra Grammar School: Taekwondo. Retrieved 3 December 2009; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011. Archived 13 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  64. ^ Vezgoff, P. (2009): CoastKids Illawarra (July/August 2009): Just for kicks (p. 15). Retrieved 3 December 2009; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011. Archived 22 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  65. ^ Handley, B. (2009): Canberra Girls' Grammar School newsletter (20 November 2009): Student achievements (p. 3). Retrieved 3 December 2009. Archived 5 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  66. ^ Rhee Taekwondo South Australia: Hyung (Patterns) Archived 22 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2009). Retrieved 22 August 2009.
  67. ^ Rhee Tae Kwon Do Perth: Frequently Asked Questions Archived 14 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2009). Retrieved 22 August 2009.
  68. ^ Rhee Tae Kwon Do Mildura/Sunraysia: Hyung and Belts (c. 2009). Retrieved 22 August 2009. Archived 21 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  69. ^ a b Anonymous (1993): "Master Rhee: Interview by a special reporter." Rhee Taekwondo, Autumn 1993:4–5.
  70. ^ Dinneen, M. (2009): A good fist of things Newcastle Herald (30 November 2009, p. 62). Retrieved 18 June 2010.
  71. ^ Lofthouse, D. (1993): "No contact." Rhee Taekwondo, Summer 1993:7.
  72. ^ Coleman, A. (1993): "Effective self-defence is learnt through non-contact sparring." Rhee Taekwondo, Summer 1993:31.
  73. ^ Rhee International Taekwon-Do (Australia): Membership booklet.
  74. ^ Rhee Taekwondo South Australia: Kup (Belt System) Archived 13 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2009). Retrieved 22 August 2009.
  75. ^ Hobson, S. (2001): Black belt for Lisa Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine The Newcastle Star (13 March 2001). Retrieved 3 December 2009.
  76. ^ Edwards, G. (2004): Meet Coast's martial arts little master Sunshine Coast Daily (14 September 2004). Retrieved 3 December 2009.
  77. ^ Marist College Ashgrove newsletter (August 2008): Individual achievements[permanent dead link] (p. 20). Retrieved 3 December 2009; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011. [dead link]
  78. ^ Brown, A.-L. (2009): In women's defence, it's all about thinking Sunshine Coast Daily (9 November 2009). Retrieved 3 December 2009.
  79. ^ Anonymous (2011): Students make the grade Archived 7 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine Sunraysia Daily (23 November 2011). Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  80. ^ Rhee Tae Kwon Do Fremantle Region: History (2012). Retrieved 11 October 2012.
  81. ^ Rhee Taekwondo Sydney: What is Tae Kwon Do? (c. 2011). Retrieved 12 October 2012.
  82. ^ Authentic Taekwon-Do Australia: ITF Rhee Taekwon-Do Memorabilia (c. 2009). Retrieved 22 August 2009; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011. Archived 8 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  83. ^ Melbourne University Sport - Clubs - Tae Kwon Do Archived 30 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2008). Retrieved 18 April 2008.
  84. ^ Park, S. H. (1993): About the author. In H. H. Choi: Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence, 3rd ed. (Vol. 1, pp. 241–274). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation.
  85. ^ Korea Taekwondo Association: History (c. 2007). Retrieved 3 September 2007.
  86. ^ Kim, S. J. (2006): History of Taekwondo. Retrieved 28 July 2007. Archived 3 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  87. ^ Korea Taekwondo Association: Organization (c. 2007). Retrieved 3 September 2007.
  88. ^ Rhee TaeKwon-Do Brisbane and Sunshine Coast: Buderim (c. 2010). Retrieved 6 March 2011.
  89. ^ Rhee Tae Kwon Do Maitland (c. 2010). Retrieved 6 March 2011.
  90. ^ Rhee Taekwondo[permanent dead link] The Junction News (26 October 2010, p. 3). Retrieved 12 March 2011; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011. [dead link]
  91. ^ Nundah State School Newsletter, 8 November 2011[permanent dead link] Retrieved 29 November 2011.
  92. ^ Rhee Taekwondo: South Australia – Black Belts Archived 9 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2010). Retrieved 6 March 2011.
  93. ^ First Taekwondo – South Australia (2012). Retrieved 22 September 2012.
  94. ^ First Taekwondo – South Australia: Chief Instructor John O'Brien (2012). Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  95. ^ Anonymous (2007): "In the words of a master: GM Rhee Ki Ha, 9th Dan." Australasian Taekwondo, 16(3):50–54.
  96. ^ Museum Victoria: History of immigration from South Korea (c. 2010). Retrieved 27 March 2011.
  97. ^ Maclaughlin, B. (1972): "Wandering sensei takes on the big time: Korea, Australia, Malaysia, Hong Kong ... and now the US." Black Belt, 10(4):24–29.
  98. ^ a b Ainley, M. (1997): "Kicking out west." Australasian Taekwondo, 6(4):78–79.
  99. ^ Advertisement for ITF Tae Kwon Do Ho Shin (2006) in Australasian Taekwondo, 15(3):23.
  100. ^ Taekwondo Ho Shin[permanent dead link] (c. 2008). Retrieved 4 April 2008; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011. [dead link]
  101. ^ USMA ITF Taekwon-Do: USMA Dojang News Archived 9 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2009). Retrieved 22 September 2012.
  102. ^ Moore, J. (2008): International Taekwon-Do Federation: Down under seminar with Master Robert Wheatley (12 August 2008). Retrieved 22 September 2012.
  103. ^ Queensland Self-Defence and Taekwon-Do Academy: 30th Anniversary[permanent dead link] (2006). Retrieved 1 September 2003; link updated on 14 February 2009; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011; link updated on 13 May 2012; link updated on 22 September 2012. [dead link]
  104. ^ Queensland Self-Defence and Taekwon-Do Academy: International examinations for QSDTA instructors[permanent dead link] (26 September 2004). Retrieved 21 July 2007; link updated on 14 February 2009; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011; link updated on 13 May 2012; link updated on 22 September 2012. [dead link]
  105. ^ Hutchison, G. (2009): Club kicks up heels NewsMail (10 June 2009). Retrieved 3 December 2009.
  106. ^ Richardson, K. (2010): Queensland Self-Defence and Taekwon-Do Academy: Wide Bay Burnett Grading Report (November 2010)[permanent dead link] Retrieved 13 May 2012; link updated on 22 September 2012. [dead link]
  107. ^ Moulden, G. (2008): Queensland Self-Defence and Taekwon-Do Academy: What a week-end![permanent dead link] Retrieved 13 May 2012; link updated on 22 September 2012. [dead link]
  108. ^ Makyai, R. (2012): Queensland Self-Defence and Taekwon-Do Academy: 10th Junior and 5th Veteran Taekwon-Do World Championship (August 2012). Retrieved 22 September 2012. [dead link]
  109. ^ Queensland Self-Defence and Taekwon-Do Academy: Founder Archived 25 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2012). Retrieved 22 September 2012.
  110. ^ USMA ITF Taekwon-Do: Profile of Master Spiridon Cariotis Archived 25 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2007). Retrieved 20 September 2007; link updated on 22 October 2011; link has expired, as at 8 March 2015.
  111. ^ Brown, R. (2007): "Fighting spirit: Spiridon Cariotis." Australasian Taekwondo 16(3):26–32.
  112. ^ United ITF (Australia): Profile (c. 2014). Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  113. ^ Weston, S. (2008): "Fighting frames." Australasian Taekwondo, 17(4):47.
  114. ^ Tong-Il Taekwon-Do Australia: Instructor Profiles (2013). Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  115. ^ Gabrielides, G. (2006): Jun Tong International TaeKwon-Do newsletter (February 2006) Archived 15 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 4 December 2009.
  116. ^ Fusion Martial Arts: Instructors (c. 2011). Retrieved 22 September 2012.
  117. ^ Canberra Montessori School Bulletin: Term 1, Week 2 (February 2011). Retrieved 22 September 2012.
  118. ^ Chosun Taekwon-Do's Instructors (c. 2007). Retrieved 17 June 2007; link has expired, as at 4 December 2009. Archived 7 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  119. ^ Luxmoore, S. (2008): "Does taekwondo need more regulation?" Australasian Taekwondo, 17(1):18–20.
  120. ^ Davidson, E. (2003): "President's corner," Taekwon-Do Talk, 2003(2):20. Retrieved 26 July 2007. Archived 24 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  121. ^ McPhail, P., & Pygott, V. (2006): "A brief history of ITFNZ Taekwon-Do (Part 3)," Taekwon-Do Talk, 2006(1):14–15. Retrieved 26 July 2007. Archived 29 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  122. ^ Ji Shin Manuwera (c. 2007). Retrieved 26 July 2007; link has expired, as at 14 February 2009. Archived 10 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  123. ^ International Taekwon-Do Foundation of New Zealand: Seminar for Ji Shin Taekwon-Do (c. 2009). Retrieved 11 December 2009; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011. Archived 11 June 2003 at the Wayback Machine
  124. ^ Nguyen, H. T. (c. 2012): The story begins back in 1967 in Vietnam. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  125. ^ Yin Yang: Our Instructors Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2007). Retrieved 28 July 2007.
  126. ^ Kwon-Do-Workz: About us (c. 2009). Retrieved 24 November 2009; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011. Archived 14 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  127. ^ 1995 index listing in Australasian Fighting Arts, 17(6):5.
  128. ^ Anonymous (1999): "The caring crusader." Australasian Taekwondo, 8(3):8–12.
  129. ^ Antonio, S. (2007): "Southern style: Taekwondo meets Boxing in regional Australia." Australasian Taekwondo, 16(4):74–76.
  130. ^ South East Australian Taekwondo: History[permanent dead link] (c. 2010). Retrieved 13 May 2010; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011. New version. Retrieved 6 November 2011. [dead link]
  131. ^ Pacific International Taekwondo: Taekwondo Master Instructor Archived 18 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2009). Retrieved 14 February 2009; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011. New version. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
  132. ^ a b World Taekwondo Academy: Grand Master Wahid Halimee (c. 2008). Retrieved 8 July 2008; link updated on 2 December 2011. Archived 19 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  133. ^ a b World Taekwondo Academy: Master Carol Halimee (c. 2008). Retrieved 8 July 2008; link updated on 2 December 2011. Archived 19 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  134. ^ Women Self Defence: Oriental Sports Academy Archived 14 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2008). Retrieved 8 July 2008.
  135. ^ Sun Bae Taekwondo and Hapkido: Master Bradley Tatnell (c. 2003). Retrieved 12 March 2019; link updated on 18 January 2010; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011. Archived 14 January 2003 at the Wayback Machine
  136. ^ Tan's Taekwondo: Black Belts (c. 2010). Retrieved 18 January 2010. Archived 13 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  137. ^ Black Tiger Taekwondo: Master Instructor Nasim Chami Archived 16 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2010). Retrieved 31 December 2010.
  138. ^ Shigan Taekwondo: Glen Corbett Archived 23 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2008). Retrieved 15 April 2008; link has expired, as at 28 August 2009. New version. Retrieved 24 November 2009.
  139. ^ Shigan Taekwondo: Paul Corbett[permanent dead link] (c. 2008). Retrieved 15 April 2008; link has expired, as at 28 August 2009. New version. Retrieved 24 November 2009. [dead link]
  140. ^ United Taekwondo: Master Instructor Paul Mitchell Archived 25 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2009). Retrieved 24 November 2009; link updated on 6 November 2011.
  141. ^ Tae Kwon Do master in town Archived 7 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine Muswellbrook Chronicle (14 March 2008). Retrieved 11 December 2009.
  142. ^ Macarthur Anglican School: Students prepare for black belt testing (14 May 2009). Retrieved 11 December 2009; link updated on 6 November 2011.
  143. ^ Bertola, V. (2008): Martial arts masterclass Macarthur Chronicle (14 October 2008). Retrieved 21 December 2009.
  144. ^ Bertola, V. (2009): Macarthur area United Taekwondo master instructor Paul Mitchell still mixes it with the best Macarthur Chronicle (18 May 2009). Retrieved 11 December 2009.
  145. ^ United Taekwondo Newsletter (2009)[permanent dead link] Retrieved 21 December 2009; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011. [dead link]
  146. ^ a b Halimee, C. (1993): "Oh ... what a feeling!" Rhee Taekwondo, Summer 1993:15.
  147. ^ Yau Hawk Tao Kung Fu: Introduction (c. 2009). Retrieved 11 December 2009.
  148. ^ Yau Hawk Tao Martial Art International: Master Lam's history Archived 27 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2009). Retrieved 11 December 2009.
  149. ^ Go-Kan-Ryu Karate: Sensei Tyrone Coates (c. 2009). Retrieved 11 December 2009; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011. Archived 15 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  150. ^ Anonymous (1996): "Power to the people: Rod Power." Blitz, 10(12):39–40.
  151. ^ Rod Power's Chinese Kickboxing: History (c. 2009). Retrieved 19 December 2009; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011. Archived 8 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  152. ^ Power, R. (2011): In Search of the Warrior With-in and the Battle of the Ego (p. 3). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. (ISBN 978-1-4499-9921-6)
  153. ^ Sun Tzu Kungfu (c. 2008). Retrieved 9 July 2008.
  154. ^ Bellingen & Seaboard Youth Services: News & events Archived 13 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine (2009). Retrieved 11 December 2009.
  155. ^ Tai-Chi Cairns: Kay Thoren (c. 2011). Retrieved 22 October 2011.
  156. ^ Australasian Martial Arts Hall of Fame: Glen Gardiner (2008). Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  157. ^ Combined Martial Arts Academy: Instructors (c. 2009). Retrieved 5 December 2009.
  158. ^ National All Styles martial arts tournaments: Victorian Championships, 9 November 2003. Retrieved 1 December 2009; link has expired, as at 6 November 2011. Archived 25 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  159. ^ Monash University Kickboxing Club: Instructors Archived 12 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2009). Retrieved 2 December 2009.
  160. ^ Corporate Kickboxing: Instructors Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2009). Retrieved 2 December 2009.
  161. ^ Corporate Self-Defence: Instructors Archived 25 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine (c. 2009). Retrieved 2 December 2009; link updated on 6 November 2011.
  • Archived copies are exact copies of the original source, whether hosted on the original website or another website.
  • Updated links indicate new sources hosted on the same website as the original source, and which might or might not contain the same information in the original source.
edit

Rhee Tae Kwon Do Western Australia Official website for Rhee Tae Kwon Do Western Australia.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rhee_Taekwon-Do&oldid=1229156315"