Christ Church (also known as the Free Church or Christchurch)[1][3] was a large parish church in Birmingham, England, in the Diocese of Worcester within the Church of England. The land on which the church stood now forms a significant part of Victoria Square.
| Christ Church (Birmingham) | |
|---|---|
 An 1894 drawing of Christ Church from the junction of Ann Street and Congreve Street, in front of the Town Hall. | |
 | |
| 52°28′47″N 1°54′08″W / 52.479671°N 1.902331°W | |
| OS grid reference | SP067868 |
| Location | Birmingham |
| Country | England |
| Denomination | Church of England |
| Architecture | |
| Architect(s) |
|
| Groundbreaking | 1805 |
| Completed | 1813 |
| Construction cost | £26,000 |
| Closed | 1897 |
| Demolished | 1899 |
| Specifications | |
| Capacity | 1500–1600 people[1][2] |
| Length | 140 feet (43 m) |
| Width | 71 feet (22 m) |
| Administration | |
| Province | Canterbury |
| Diocese | Worcester |
| Parish |
|
History
edit| Christchurch, Birmingham Act 1803 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
 | |
| Citation | 43 Geo. 3. c. cxvii |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 5 July 1803 |
| Other legislation | |
| Amended by | Christchurch, Birmingham Act 1810 |
| Repealed by | Birmingham Churches Act 1897 |
Status: Repealed | |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
| Christchurch, Birmingham Act 1810 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| | |
| Long title | An Act to amend and render more effectual an Act of His present Majesty, for erecting a new Church to be called Christchurch, in the Town of Birmingham in the County of Warwick; and for providing a Maintenance and Residence for the Minister or perpetual Curate thereof. |
| Citation | 50 Geo. 3. c. cxxx |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 24 May 1810 |
| Other legislation | |
| Amends | Christchurch, Birmingham Act 1803 |
| Repealed by | Birmingham Churches Act 1897 |
Status: Repealed | |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
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The site, at the junction of Ann Street and New Street, was donated by William Phillips Inge of Thorpe Constantine.[4] The architect was either Charles Norton or Birmingham-based William Hollins, indeed both worked on the building. The construction of the church was funded by public subscription, and King George III himself gave £1,000 towards the construction[4][5] (equivalent to £102,500 in 2023).[6] The foundation stone was laid on 22 July 1805 by the Lord Chamberlain, George Legge, 3rd Earl of Dartmouth.[4] The King had intended to lay the foundation stone personally but was prevented from doing so by illness.
The building was designed in stone in the Classical style with Doric columns dominating the west front. The internal design was unusual in that all of the seating on the ground floor was free,[4] and so it came to be known as the 'Free Church'. Christ Church was consecrated on 6 July 1813 by James Cornwallis, 4th Earl Cornwallis, the Bishop of Lichfield.[4]
The western square tower, completed in 1814, supported an octagonal belfry and a gothic octagonal spire. The original design had a cupola instead of a spire,[7] but funding delays resulted in plans being redrawn. Construction was finished in 1816, and the clock installed a year later.[1] At some point early in its history, an organ was installed by Thomas Elliot, of London.[8] There were also a large number of tiered stone vaults several stories deep, divided into catacombs, underneath the church.[9] One of these catacombs contained the re-interred remains of John Baskerville.[4] The final cost of construction was around £26,000[4] (approximately £2,500,000 in 2023).[6]
The internal configuration of the church led to the creation of an epigram that became widely known:
"Our churches and chapels we generally find
Are the places where men to the women are joined;
But at Christ Church, it seems, they are more cruelhearted,
For men and their wives go there and get parted." [1]
Though originally intended as a chapelry of the nearby St Philip's, independent records were kept from 1817. The congregation was so large by 1865 that a new Christ Church parish was created, taking from both St Martin's and St Philip's parishes. Mission services in connection with Christ Church were held in the Pinfold Street and Fleet Street Schoolrooms.[1]
Church staff
editVicars
edit- John Hume Spry (1813–1824)
- Archdeacon George Hodson (1824–1832)
- John George Breay (1832–1840)[10]
- George Lea (1840–1864)[11]
(afterwards, vicar of St George's Church, Edgbaston) - Charles Marson (1864–1871)[12]
(afterwards, vicar of Clevedon, Somerset) - Albert Workman (1871–1881)[13]
- Rev Prebendary E.R. Mason (1881–1888)
(afterwards vicar of Oxton, Nottinghamshire) - Rev Prebendary C.B. Willcox (1889–1897)[14]
(formerly vicar of St Jude's Church, Moorfield, Sheffield)
Organists
edit- Thomas Munden 1818 – 1856[15]
Decline
editThe building and site were sold in 1897; the proceeds were used to build St Agatha's Church, Sparkbrook. The church was demolished in 1899. Part of the parish was given to St Barnabas' Church, Birmingham.
In 2021 a new church without a fixed building called Christ Church Birmingham opened and now serves communities across the City and beyond.
Burials
editNotable people buried or interred at the church included:
- John Baskerville (1707–1775), an English businessman in areas including japanning and papier-mâché, best remembered as a printer and type designer due to his eponymous typeface.
- Joseph Frederick Ledsam (1791–1862), Deputy Lord Lieutenant of Warwick, High Sheriff of Worcestershire and deputy chairman of the London and North Western Railway.
References
edit
- ^ a b c d e Harman, Thomas Thalric (1885). "Christ Church, New Street". Showell's Dictionary of Birmingham. Birmingham, England: Cornish Brothers Ltd. p. 227.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ "View map: Ordnance Survey, OS town plan - Birmingham and its Environs - sheet XIV.5.12 - Ordnance Survey Town Plans of England and Wales, 1840s-1890s". maps.nls.uk. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ "Thomas Webb (1755-1831) - Medal commemorating the foundation of Christchurch, Birmingham, 1805". www.rct.uk. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g Dent, Robert Kirkup (1894). The Making of Birmingham: Being a History of the Rise and Growth of the Midland Metropolis. David. p. 278+. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
- ^ An historical and descriptive sketch of Birmingham: with some account of its environs, and forty-four view of the principal public buildings. Beilby, Knott, and Beilby, 1830
- ^ a b UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
- ^ 'Religious History: Churches built since 1800', in A History of the County of Warwick: Volume 7, the City of Birmingham, ed. W B Stephens (London, 1964), pp. 379–396. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/warks/vol7/pp379-396 [accessed 23 May 2020].
- ^ A Description of Modern Birmingham. Charles Pye. Echo Library, 31 Mar 2007
- ^ Harman, Thomas Thalric (1885). "Catacombs". Showell's Dictionary of Birmingham. Birmingham, England: Cornish Brothers Ltd. p. 31.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ "The Rev. J.G. Breay". Aris’s Birmingham Gazette. England. 26 November 1832. Retrieved 16 January 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "St George's, Edgbaston and Christ Church, Birmingham". Aris’s Birmingham Gazette. England. 18 June 1864. Retrieved 16 January 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Clerical Preferement". Birmingham Daily Gazette. England. 3 July 1871. Retrieved 16 January 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Death of the Rev A. Workman". Birmingham Mail. England. 14 May 1881. Retrieved 16 January 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Christ Church, Birmingham". Birmingham Daily Gazette. England. 28 March 1889. Retrieved 16 January 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Retirement of Mr Munden". Birmingham Journal. England. 28 June 1856. Retrieved 10 January 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.