Christian Freeling (born 1 February 1947, in Enschede, Netherlands) is a Dutch game designer and inventor of abstract strategy games, notably Dameo, Grand Chess, Havannah, and Hexdame.[1][2]
Christian Freeling | |
|---|---|
 Freeling in 2012 | |
| Born | 1 February 1947 Enschede, Netherlands |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Occupation | Mathematics teacher (retired) |
| Known for | Game designer |
| Children | 4 |
| Website | http://mindsports.nl/ |
Freeling's designs cover a range of game types. Several of his games are endeavors to improve on established games that he concluded are flawed or limited in some way, while some introduce familiar game mechanics into uncommon settings. He also regularly translates rules for orthogonal board games to the hexagonal grid, resulting in new versions with altered properties – usually enhanced strategy and tactics options, and fewer draws.
"Christian's games often embody a desire to get to the heart of the concepts used in abstract games. This is most clearly displayed by his minimalist chess variant, Chad, and his version of column checkers, Emergo."[2]
Among all his games, Freeling considers Dameo, Emergo, Grand Chess, Storisende, Sygo, and Symple to be his most important,[3] with Emergo as his personal favourite.[4]
Notable games
editDameo is a draughts/checkers variant inspired by International draughts and a variant of Turkish draughts called Croda invented by Ljuban Dedić. Dameo utilizes all 64 squares of the checkerboard and uses both orthogonal and diagonal movement, although capture is orthogonal only. It also introduces linear movement of men where lines of men of any length may move forward together, similar to Epaminondas or Bushka. This was added to speed play, enhance tactics, and curtail draws.[5][6] "Considerable work has already gone into analyzing Dameo, and some remarkable discoveries have been made in the area of endgame positions with just a few pieces left."[7]
Grand Chess utilizes the same compound pieces[a] as Capablanca Chess, but the starting setup connects the rooks, giving immediate freedom of movement and "yields the better game" (Schmittberger 1992:206). Internet Grand Chess World Championships have been held, and NOST[b] sponsored yearly tournaments beginning in 1998.[8] A Grand Chess tournament in Yerevan in 1996 attracted 21 chess masters.[9]
Havannah, a connection game using hexagonal cells like Hex, offers "a subtler strategy and much more varied tactics" (Schmittberger 1992:116). The game was published by Ravensburger in 1981 and marketed for ten years, winning critical acclaim. In 2002, Freeling offered a €1,000 prize for any computer program in ten years that could beat him in even one game in a 10-game match, believing the nature of Havannah made the game difficult to program and therefore best played by human strategic thinking. In October 2012, via Internet, a 10-game match was conducted between Freeling and three Havannah bots. Freeling won by +7−3=0, losing two games to Lajkonik (Poland) and one game to Castro (Canada).
Hexdame exactly translates international draughts rules to a hexagonal gameboard, increasing options for moves and tactics, and reducing draws.[c] The World Draughts Federation (FMJD) has actively promoted Hexdame as an alternative to the 10×10 game.[10]
-
Dameo -
Grand Chess -
Havannah winning structures -
Hexdame
Personal life
editOn 13 May 2000 in Enschede, SE Fireworks exploded 120 meters from Freeling's home, killing 23 people, wounding 947, and destroying 400 houses including Freeling's. Although uninjured, all his possessions and game materials were lost in the tragedy.[11]
Freeling has three sons (Demian, born 1975; Myron, born 1978; Falco, born 1993) and one daughter (Ninja, born 1982). Demian invented Congo, a xiangqi variant, in 1982 when nearly 8 years old.
Games invented
edit
Most of the great games inventors (Abbott, Freeling, Knizia, Randolph, Sackson, Solomon, et al.) have produced Chess variants; [...]
— David Parlett, The Oxford History of Board Games (1999)[12]
- Chad (1979)
- Chakra (1980)
- Yari shogi (1981)
- Rotary (1981)
- Shakti (1982)
- Caïssa (1982)
- Loonybird (1983)
- Dragonfly (1983)
- Grand Chess (1984)
- Cyclix (2011)
- King's Colour (2021)
- Royal Guard (2021, with Chris Huntoon)
Elimination games
edit- Bushka (1981)
- Hexdame (1979)
- Emergo (1980, with Ed van Zon)
- Crossfire (early 1980s)
- Dameo (2000)
- Pit of Pillars (2013)
- Loca (2020)
Territory games
edit- Sygo (2010)
- Mu (1982)
- Phalanx (1981)
- Medusa (1981)
- Lotus (1981)
- Macbeth (1981)
- Dominions (1984)
- Square Off (1982)
- Triccs (2012)
- Io (2014)
- Storisende (2018)
- Qascade (2020)
- XiaGo (2020)
- Migong (2020, with Luis Bolaños Mures)
- Cannons & Bullets (2021)
- Notubytu (2022)
- Renegado (2022)
Territory/connection hybrids
edit- Symple (2010, with Benedikt Rosenau)
- China Grove (2023)
- China Squares (2023)
- Sytran (2023)
- Havannah (1979)
- Pylyx (2011)
- Scware (2012)
- Inertia (2013)
- Multiplicity (2013)
- Query (2010)
- Rondo (early 1980s)
- Starweb (2017)
- KnightVision (2021)
- Lox (2021)
- Uknight (2021)
- KnightShade (2021)
- Loops 'n Leaps (2021)
- MiniMancala (late 1970s)
- The Glass Bead Game (late 1970s)
- Shakala (2022)
- Trackgammon (pre 1976)
- Breakthrough (1982)
- Jump Sturdy (2010)
Others
edit- Hexade (1979)
- Mephisto (1979)
- Hanniball (2009, with Arty Sandler)
- Swish and Squeeze
- Monkey Trap (2010)
- Grabber (2011)
- King's Castle (2020)
- DropZone (2020)
- WedgeLock (2020)
- Crossbars (2021)
- Zumo (2022)
- China Tangle (2022)
- China Octangle (2023)
Notes
edit- ^ The marshall combines a chess rook and chess knight; the cardinal combines a bishop and knight.
- ^ NOST (kNights of the Square Table), a (now defunct) correspondence game club formed in 1960 by Bob Lauzon and Jim France, enjoyed several hundred active members (Pritchard 1994:210).
- ^ Three kings defeat a solitary king in a Hexdame endgame, whereas four kings are required in international draughts.
References
edit- ^ Dylan Loeb McClain (19 August 2007). "Giraffes, Viziers and Wizards: Variations on the Old Game". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
- ^ a b Handscomb (2002), p. 7.
- ^ "The ArenA". mindsports.nl. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ Freeling, Christian. "Geek of the Week #655 Christian Freeling - christianF." BoardGameGeek, edited by W E. Martin, BoardGameGeek LLC, 29 Apr. 2018, boardgamegeek.com/thread/1984367/article/28953624#28953624. Accessed 31 August 2020.
- ^ "About Dameo". www.mindsports.nl. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ "Rules". www.mindsports.nl. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ Handscomb (2002), p. 1.
- ^ Gardner, Tony (Autumn 2000). "The Grand Chess Corner". Abstract Games. No. 3. Carpe Diem Publishing. p. 24. ISSN 1492-0492.
- ^ Pritchard (2007), p. 124.
- ^ Kok (2001), p. 21.
- ^ Freeling (2002b), p. 10.
- ^ Parlett, David (1999). The Oxford History of Board Games. Oxford University Press Inc. p. 312. ISBN 0-19-212998-8.
Bibliography
- Freeling, Christian (Summer 2002b). Handscomb, Kerry (ed.). "Dameo". Abstract Games. No. 10. Carpe Diem Publishing. pp. 10–12. ISSN 1492-0492.
- Handscomb, Kerry, ed. (Spring 2002). "International Checkers Versus Croda". Abstract Games. No. 9. Carpe Diem Publishing. ISSN 1492-0492.
- Kok, Fred, ed. (Winter 2001). "Hexdame • A nice combination". Abstract Games. No. 8. Carpe Diem Publishing. ISSN 1492-0492.
- Pritchard, D. B. (2007). Beasley, John (ed.). The Classified Encyclopedia of Chess Variants. John Beasley. ISBN 978-0-9555168-0-1.
Further reading
edit- Freeling, Christian (Spring 2002a). Handscomb, Kerry (ed.). "International Checkers Versus Croda". Abstract Games. No. 9. Carpe Diem Publishing. pp. 5–7. ISSN 1492-0492.
- Pritchard, D. B. (1994). The Encyclopedia of Chess Variants. Games & Puzzles Publications. ISBN 0-9524142-0-1.
- Schmittberger, R. Wayne (1992). New Rules for Classic Games. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-53621-5.
External links
edit- Official website MindSports • The ArenA
- Official website MindSports • The Pit
- Christian Freeling's Grand Chess by Hans Bodlaender, The Chess Variant Pages