Christian democratic parties are political parties that seek to apply Christian principles to public policy. The underlying Christian democracy movement emerged in 19th-century Europe, largely under the influence of Catholic social teaching and Neo-Calvinist theology.[1][2] Christian democracy continues to be influential in Europe and Latin America, though in a number of countries its Christian ethos has been diluted by secularisation. In practice, Christian democracy is often considered centre-right on cultural, social and moral issues, but centre-left "with respect to economic and labor issues, civil rights, and foreign policy" as well as the environment,[3][nb 1] generally supporting a social market economy.[5] Christian democracy can be seen as either conservative, centrist, or liberal / left of, right of, or center of the mainstream political parties depending on the social and political atmosphere of a given country and the positions held by individual Christian democratic parties. In Europe, where their opponents have traditionally been secularist socialists, Christian democratic parties are moderately conservative overall, whereas in the very different cultural and political environment of Latin America they tend to lean to the left. It is the dominant centre-right political movement in Europe, but by contrast, Christian democratic parties in Latin America tend to be left-leaning.[6] Christian democracy includes elements common to several other political ideologies, including conservatism, liberalism, and social democracy. In the United States, Christian democratic parties of Europe and Latin America, deemed conservative and liberal respectively in their geopolitical regions, are both generally regarded as farther left-wing of the mainstream.[citation needed]
Alphabetical list by country
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A
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- Christian-Democratic Rebirth Party[8]
- Christian Democratic Union of Armenia
- National Christian Party
B
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- Croatian Democratic Union 1990[11]
- Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina[11]
- Croatian Christian Democrats
C
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- Movement for Democracy
- União Caboverdeana Independente e Democratica (Cape Verdean Union for an Independent Democracy) – UCID
- Christian Democratic Party[7]
- Reform Party[7]
- Social Christian Unity Party
- Social Christian Republican Party
- Christian Democratic Alliance
- Croatian Democratic Union[13]
- Homeland Movement
- Croatian Christian Democratic Party[13]
- Croatian Sovereignists
D
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- Christian Democratic Party (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
- Convention of Christian Democrats
- Democratic Social Christian Party
- Federalist Christian Democracy – Convention of Federalists for Christian Democracy
- Movement for the Liberation of the Congo
E
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- Christian Democratic Party (Egypt), a Coptic party in Egypt founded in the 1950s.[16]
F
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G
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- Christian Democratic Union of Germany[21]
- Christian Social Union in Bavaria[21]
- Centre Party
- Family Party of Germany
- Alliance C – Christians for Germany
H
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I
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- Forza Italia[26]
- Popular Alternative
- Populars for Italy
- Solidary Democracy
- South Tyrolean People's Party[26]
- Union of the Centre[26]
K
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L
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- Lithuanian Christian Democracy Party
- Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats[28]
- Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania[28]
- Christian Union
- National Alliance
M
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N
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- Alliance
- Christian Democratic Appeal[30]
- Christian Union[30]
- Farmer–Citizen Movement
- New Social Contract
- Jezus Leeft
P
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- Lakas–CMD (Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats)
- Bangon Pilipinas Party
- Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines
- Liberal Party (Philippines) (factions)
- Agreement
- Christian Democracy of the 3rd Polish Republic
- Civic Platform[34]
- Law and Justice
- Polish People's Party[34]
R
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- Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party
- National Liberal Party
- Force of the Right
- People's Movement Party[36]
S
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U
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V
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Other entities
edit- Global – Centrist Democrat International – headquartered in Brussels
- European Union – European People's Party – Centrist Democratic regional in Europe; and the largest group in European Parliament
European Christian Political Movement - Americas – Christian Democrat Organization of America – Centrist Democratic regional in the Americas, North and South
Related philosophies
edit- Catholic social teaching
- Communitarianism
- Distributism
- Neo-Calvinism
- Social conservatism
- Social market economy
- Political Catholicism
- Christian politics
- Christian Zionism
- Liberal conservatism
- Abolitionism
- New World Order
Indices
editSee also
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Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ Monsma, Stephen V. (2012). Pluralism and Freedom: Faith-based Organizations in a Democratic Society. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 13. ISBN 9781442214309.
This is the Christian Democratic tradition and the structural pluralist concepts that underlie it. The Roman Catholic social teaching of subsidiarity and its related concepts, as well as the parallel neo-Calvinist concept of sphere sovereignty, play major roles in structural pluralist thought.
- ^ Witte, John (1993). Christianity and Democracy in Global Context. Westview Press. p. 9. ISBN 9780813318431.
Concurrent with this missionary movement in Africa, both Protestant and Catholic political activists helped to restore democracy to war-torn Europe and extend it overseas. Protestant political activism emerged principally in England, the Lowlands, and Scandinavia under the inspiration of both social gospel movements and neo-Calvinism. Catholic political activism emerged principally in Italy, France, and Spain under the inspiration of both Rerum Novarum and its early progeny and of neo-Thomism. Both formed political parties, which now fall under the general aegis of the Christian Democratic Party movement. Both Protestant and Catholic parties inveighed against the reductionist extremes and social failures of liberal democracies and social democracies. Liberal democracies, they believed, had sacrificed the community for the individual; social democracies had sacrificed the individual for the community. Both parties returned to a traditional Christian teaching of "social pluralism" or "subsidiarity," which stressed the dependence and participation of the individual in family, church, school, business, and other associations. Both parties stressed the responsibility of the state to respect and protect the "individual in community."
- ^ Vervliet, Chris (2009). Human Person. Adonis & Abbey. pp. 48–51. ISBN 978-1-912234-19-6.
- ^ Kte'pi, Bill (2009). "Belgium". In Wankel, Charles (ed.). Encyclopedia of Business in Today's World: A – C. Sage. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-4129-6427-2.
- ^ Vervliet 2009, pp. 48–51.
- ^ Szulc, Tad (1965). "Communists, Socialists, and Christian Democrats". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 360 (1): 102. doi:10.1177/000271626536000109. ISSN 0002-7162. S2CID 145198515.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Mainwaring, Scott; Scully, Timothy, eds. (2003). Christian Democracy in Latin America: Electoral Competition and Regime Conflicts. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 81. ISBN 0-8047-4598-6.
- ^ "Arminfo: New Christian Democratic Party to support Pashinyan's government". arminfo.info.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Democracy Won’t Save the Middle East’s Religious Minorities. Maged Atiya. October 24, 2019. Providence Magazine.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Archived from the original on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Colomer, Josep M. (2008-07-25). Comparative European Politics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-07354-2.
- ^ a b c Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ a b c Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2008). "Macedonia". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 12 June 2010.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Catalonia/Spain". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
- ^ "A Christian Democrat leadership for the UK". Financial Times. 2016-10-07. Archived from the original on 2022-12-10. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
- ^ Stanley, Tim (2016-10-05). "Theresa May has closed the liberal era. Bring on Christian democracy". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
- ^ Freston, Protestant Political Parties, 53.
- ^ Longenecker, Dwight (12 May 2016). "Is It Time for a US Christian Democracy Party?". Aleteia. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
- ^ "El perfil ideológico del Partido Blanco" (in Spanish). República.com. 15 June 2014.
- ^ "Proyecto Venezuela suspende su participación en el proceso de validación". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 26 March 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2017.