No. 550 Squadron RAF was a heavy bomber squadron of the Royal Air Force during World War II. Formed at RAF Waltham on 25 November 1943, 550 Squadron flew Avro Lancaster bombers as part of No. 1 Group RAF. In early 1944, the squadron was moved to RAF North Killingholme, Lincolnshire where it continued operations until May 1945, when it began dropping food over the Netherlands as a relief effort as part of Operation Manna. The squadron was disbanded on 31 October 1945. Today, a surviving Lancaster bomber continues to fly in the markings of BQ-B "Phantom of the Ruhr" EE139 from 550 squadron as part of the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight.
| No. 550 Squadron RAF | |
|---|---|
 Badge of 550 Squadron | |
| Active | 25 Nov 1943 – 31 Oct 1945 |
| Country |  United Kingdom |
| Branch |  Royal Air Force |
| Role | Bomber |
| Motto(s) | Latin: Per Ignem Vincimus (Translation: "Through fire we conquer")[1][2] |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron Badge heraldry | In front of flames of fire a sword erect point upwards.[2] The badge is symbolic of the squadron's power to force its way through barrage of fire and fighter opposition to drop its bombs. It can also be taken as symbolic of the squadron's raids with both incendiary and high-explosive bombs.[1] |
| Squadron Codes | BQ (Nov 1943 – Oct 1945)[3][4] |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Bomber | Avro Lancaster Four-engined heavy bomber |
History
editOperation Banquet
editBefore standing up as an operational bomber unit 550 Squadron was allocated to the Air Fighting Development Unit under 'Operation Banquet' anti-invasion plans.[5]
Formation at RAF Waltham
edit
No. 550 squadron was formed at RAF Waltham (near Grimsby), Lincolnshire on 25 November 1943 from 'C' Flight of 100 Squadron.[6] Equipped with Avro Lancasters, they began operating in the same month, as part of No. 1 Group RAF. The squadron's commanding officer, until 17 May 1944, was Wing Commander James Johnson Bennett.[7] The squadron motto was "Per Ignem Vincimus", (Latin: through fire we conquer).
From RAF Waltham, 550 Squadron attacked seven times, and also took part in raids on Leipzig and Frankfurt.[8] On 26/27 November 1943, 8 of their Lancasters were dispatched to make bombing runs over Berlin; 7 succeeded, and one failed to return.[9]
RAF Killinghome
editOn 3 January 1944 the squadron was moved to RAF North Killingholme, Lincolnshire, where it continued operations. 550 flew their first mission from North Killingholme on 14 January 1944: eleven Lancasters participated in a raid on Brunswick.[8]
550 grew in size to two flights and later to three. 550 Squadron became one of the most efficient squadrons in Bomber Command, on a number of occasions reaching the top of the No. 1 Group RAF Group bombing league table. Losses were relatively low, as was the rate of aborted missions, a good indication of high morale.[8]
From January 44 until 26 May 1945 the squadron adjutant was Christopher Walter Waitt, who had served with the Royal Flying Corps in WW1 and had been awarded the Military Medal.[10]
A notable member was wireless operator F/Sgt Brian Todd, who flew 14 sorties in early 1944 with A Flight Commander S/Ldr Peter Nicholas. He later became a famous comedian as Bob Todd, playing the slapstick sidekick to Benny Hill.[11]
On 5 June 1944, 550 Squadron participated in the D-Day landings; their Lancaster LL811 J-Jig "Bad Penny II" was credited with dropping the first string of bombs at 11.34pm.[8]
On 25 April 1945, 550 Squadron flew their last combat mission of the war: 23 Lancasters participated in the Bombing of Obersalzberg.[8]
During the course of the war, 550 Squadron completed 3,582 operational sorties with the Lancaster, losing 59 aircraft.[12] The squadron dropped 16,195 tons of bombs.[8] Three of 550 Squadron's Lancaster bombers succeeded in flying more than 100 combat missions, BQ-F "Press on Regardless" ED905, BQ-V 'The Vulture Strikes' PA995, and—the best-known—BQ-B "Phantom of the Ruhr" EE139, which flew 121 missions.[8]
550 Squadron dropped food over the Netherlands as a relief effort as part of 29 April – 7 May 1945 Operation Manna.[9]
After the war
edit
Germany surrendered on 8 May 1945. North Killingholme closed[13] and 550 Squadron was disbanded on 31 October 1945,[2] the same day that .
Today, the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight Lancaster is painted in the colours of BQ-B "Phantom of the Ruhr" EE139.[8]
Aircraft operated
edit| From | To | Aircraft | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| November 1943 | October 1945 | Avro Lancaster | Mks.I, III |
Notable aircraft
editThree of the Lancasters that flew with 550 Squadron managed to fly one hundred operations or more, and another nearly did:
| Serial no. | Name | Operations | Call-sign | Fate | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EE139 | "Phantom of the Ruhr" | 121 | BQ-B | Scrapped 19-02-1946 | Also flew with No. 100 Squadron RAF. Current Battle of Britain Memorial Flight Lancaster flies BQ-B call-sign.[15] |
| PA995 | "The Vulture Strikes" | 101 | BQ-V | Failed to return, 07-03-1945 | Flew all missions with 550 Squadron[16] |
| ED905 | "Ad Extremum/Press on Regardless" | 100+ | BQ-F | Crashed 20-08-1945 with No. 1656 Conversion Unit | Also flew with No. 103 Squadron RAF and No. 166 Squadron RAF[17] |
| W5005 | "SS-Nan" | 94 | BQ-N | Ditched in Humber Estuary 26/27-08-1944 | Also flew with No. 460 Squadron RAAF |
Squadron bases
edit| From | To | Base |
|---|---|---|
| 25 November 1943 | 3 January 1944 | RAF Waltham, Lincolnshire |
| 3 January 1944 | 31 October 1945 | RAF North Killingholme, Lincolnshire |
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b Moyes 1976, p. 267.
- ^ a b c d e Halley 1988, p. 411.
- ^ Bowyer & Rawlings 1979, p. 23.
- ^ Flintham & Thomas 2003, p. 65.
- ^ Lake, Alan (1999). Flying Units of the RAF. Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-84037-086-6.
- ^ a b c Jefford 2001, p. 98.
- ^ www.550squadronassociation.org.uk Retrieved 5 June 2019
- ^ a b c d e f g h Official History Retrieved 6 June 2019
- ^ a b Moyes 1976, p. 268.
- ^ Officers of 550 Squadron Retrieved 6 June 2019
- ^ "550 Squadron and RAF North Killingholme Association".
- ^ Falconer 2003, p. 255.
- ^ "History of 550 Squadron". 550 Squadron and North Killingholme Association. 7 November 2008.
- ^ Moyes 1976, p. 362.
- ^ Franks 1994, pp. 9–96.
- ^ Franks 1994, pp. 199–202.
- ^ Franks 1994, pp. 79–84.
Bibliography
edit- Bowyer, Michael J.F.; Rawlings, John D.R. (1979). Squadron Codes, 1937–56. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 0-85059-364-6.
- Falconer, Jonathan (2003). Bomber Command Handbook 1939–1945. Stroud, England: Sutton Publishing. pp. 203–204. ISBN 0-7509-3171-X.
- Flintham, Vic; Thomas, Andrew (2003). Combat Codes: A full explanation and listing of British, Commonwealth and Allied air force unit codes since 1938. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-84037-281-8.
- Franks, Norman (1994). Claims to Fame: The Lancaster. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 1-85409-220-0.
- Halley, James J. (1988). The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth, 1918–1988. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
- Jefford, Wing Commander C.G. (2001). RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
- Moyes, Philip J.R. (1976). Bomber Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft. London: Macdonald and Jane's (Publishers) Ltd. ISBN 0-354-01027-1.
- Lake, Alan (1999). Flying Units of the RAF. Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-84037-086-6.
- Thomas, Andrew (29 March – 11 April 1991). "Phantoms of the Ruhr: No.550 Squadron, Royal Air Force". Aviation News. Vol. 19, no. 23. pp. 1078–1081.
External links
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