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Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned

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The Cathedral of Saint Mary the Crowned (Spanish: Catedral de Santa María la Coronada) is a Latin Catholic cathedral in Gibraltar. It is the primary centre of Catholic worship in the Diocese of Gibraltar.

Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned
Western façade of the Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned.
Map
36°08′23″N 5°21′13″W / 36.139672°N 5.35366°W / 36.139672; -5.35366
Location215 Main Street
Country Gibraltar
DenominationCatholic (Latin)
WebsiteGib Cathedral
History
Former name(s)Iglesia de Santa Maria la Coronada y San Bernado
StatusCathedral
Founded20 August 1462
Founder(s)Catholic Monarchs
DedicationSt. Mary the Crowned
Dedicated20 August 1462
Consecrated20 August 1462
Past bishop(s)See list of bishops
Associated peopleFr. Juan Romero de Figueroa
Architecture
Functional statusActive
Architect(s)Various
Architectural typeMixed
StyleMixed
Completed1931
Specifications
Number of domes1
Clergy
Bishop(s)Mons. Carmelo Zammit
Priest(s)Fr. Paul Bear

History

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15th century

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The original building of the current cathedral was built during the Spanish period. Just after the reconquest of the city to the Moors, the main mosque was decreed to be stripped of its Islamic past[1] and consecrated as the parish church (named Santa Maria la Coronada y San Bernardo[2]). However, under the rule of the Catholic Monarchs, the old building was demolished and a new church was erected, in Gothic style. The cathedral's small courtyard is the remnant of the larger Moorish court of the mosque. The Catholic Monarchs' coat of arms was placed in the courtyard where it can still be seen today. The cathedral extended to the opposite side of what is now Main Street.[1]

18th to 20th centuries

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The church of St. Mary the Crowned was the only Catholic church or institution that was not ransacked by the troops that took over the city in 1704. It was successfully protected by its staunch pastor, Juan Romero, his curate, and his bell-ringer.[3] Thus, it is the only place where Catholic worship has taken place uninterruptedly from the definite Christian re-conquest of the town.

Due to the building being severely damaged during the 1779–1783 Great Siege, in 1790 the then governor of Gibraltar, Sir Robert Boyd, offered to rebuild the cathedral in return for part of the land on which the building originally stood in order to re-route Main Street.[1] The route was re-modelled in 1801 so that Main Street could be straighter. (This drastic change has also been credited to the governor Charles O'Hara.[4]) The reconstruction took place in 1810 and the opportunity was also taken to widen Main Street. The clock tower was added in 1820 and in 1931 restoration work was carried out on the cathedral and the current west façade erected to replace the poorer one built in 1810.[1]

In 1881 the Church of St Mary's was the site of nearly fifty arrests as the governor of Gibraltar sent police and reassigned soldiers to support Bishop Canilla as he attempted to enter his own church. A self-appointed "Committee of Elders" had said that they intended to take possession of the church and install their own "chief priest" against the will of the governor and the Catholic church. Canilla was sent to his church on 2 March 1881 with police protection to install him in his church. When the new force came to the church they found it was occupied by 200 men and the police had to make four dozen arrests to establish order.[5]

Not only did Canilla now have possession of his church but he was also the owner as the governor arranged for the title deeds to be given to the new titular Bishop.[5]

Until the 19th century, anyone who died in Gibraltar had the right to be buried under the cathedral floor. Bishops are buried in a crypt beneath the statue of Our Lady of Europe.[1]

In 1943, Władysław Sikorski's coffin lay in state here, after his plane crashed into the sea just off Gibraltar.

See also

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  • San Roque, Cádiz (The original statue of St Mary was moved there in 1704, following the British takeover of Gibraltar)
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  •  
    The exterior of the Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned. The statue of the soldier outside the cathedral is a gift from the Corps of the Royal Engineers to commemorate the formation in Gibraltar of the Company of Soldier Artificers in 1772, which later became the Royal Engineers in 1856.[6]
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    Old photograph of Main Street showing part of the cathedral's façade to the left. Picture from the book Gibraltar - John L. Stoddard's Lectures (1912), by John L. Stoddard. It shows the old façade built in 1810.
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    Entrance to the cathedral's courtyard.
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    View of the cathedral's altar.
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    Stained-glass window in the cathedral.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e History of the Cathedral of St Mary the Crowned. Archived 2013-01-07 at archive.today
  2. ^ "A Short History of the Diocese of Gibraltar". Archived from the original on 3 January 2009.
  3. ^ Jackson, William (1990). The Rock of the Gibraltarians. A History of Gibraltar (2nd ed.). Grendon, Northamptonshire, UK: Gibraltar Books. pp. 99–101. ISBN 0-948466-14-6.
  4. ^ Benady, Tito (1996). The streets of Gibraltar : a short history. Grendon: Gibraltar Books. pp. 11–17. ISBN 0948466375.
  5. ^ a b George Hills (1974). Rock of Contention. A History of Gibraltar. London: Robert Hale. pp. 392–396. ISBN 0-7091-4352-4.
  6. ^ 300 Years of British Gibraltar 1704-2004 by Peter Bond
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