1907 Cisleithanian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Cisleithania, the northern and western ("Austrian") crown lands of Austria-Hungary, on 14 and 23 May 1907 to elect the members of the 11th Imperial Council.[1][2] They were the first elections held under universal male suffrage, after an electoral reform abolishing tax paying requirements for voters had been adopted by the Council and was endorsed by Emperor Franz Joseph earlier in the year.[3][4] However, seat allocations were based on tax revenues from the States.[3]
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All 516 seats in the Imperial Council 259 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 4,676,350 (84.60%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Electoral system
editUnder the shadow of the Russian Revolution of 1905 and large-scale demonstrations organized by the Social Democrats, the emperor to placate the public had a reform of the former five-class suffrage system, drafted by Minister-President Paul Gautsch von Frankenthurn. His successor, Baron Max Wladimir von Beck, pushed it through against fierce resistance from the Austrian House of Lords and the heir to the throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Elections in the constituencies of "the Kingdoms and Lands represented in the Imperial Council" were held according to a two-round system. If no candidate received the required absolute majority on May 14, only the two candidates receiving the most votes survived to the second round. on May 23. The 516 representatives of the constituent crown lands were thus elected, 130 from Bohemia, 106 from Galicia, 64 from Lower Austria and 49 from Moravia. The numerous political associations were again split according to ethnicity ("nations"), with a result that no government could ever rely on a stable majority.
Results
editThe right-wing Christian Social Party emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament, holding 95 of the 516 seats, followed by the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria with 50 seats. The former won most rural constituencies in Upper and Lower Austria, Styria, Salzburg, Tyrol, and Vorarlberg). It also achieved the majority in the capital, Vienna, benefiting from the popularity of the Christian Social mayor, Karl Lueger. In the German constituencies of Bohemia and Moravia and in Carinthia, the German national parties (German People's Party etc.) did well. The Social Democrats had their strongholds in the cities other than Vienna: Graz, Salzburg, Innsbruck, Brno and Linz.
Voter turnout was 84.6%.[5]
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Croatian Nation | |||||
| Croatian National Party | 23,482 | 0.51 | 2 | –4 | |
| Party of Rights | 16,013 | 0.35 | 2 | –1 | |
| People's Party (Anti-Resolutionist) | 15,683 | 0.34 | 2 | New | |
| People's Party (Resolutionist) | 15,283 | 0.33 | 4 | New | |
| Croatian Independents | 6,373 | 0.14 | 1 | New | |
| People's Party (Democratic) | 4,441 | 0.10 | 0 | New | |
| Croatian and Slovenian Nation | |||||
| Slavic Social Democratic Party | 10,518 | 0.23 | 1 | New | |
| Czech Nation | |||||
| Social Democratic Party | 389,960 | 8.45 | 23 | New | |
| Czech Agrarian Party | 206,784 | 4.48 | 27 | +25 | |
| Catholic-National Conservative Parties in Bohemia and Moravia | 182,500 | 3.95 | 10 | New | |
| Christian Social Party in Bohemia and Moravia | 7 | +5 | |||
| Young Czech Party | 116,524 | 2.52 | 21 | –29 | |
| Czech National Social Party | 75,101 | 1.63 | 6 | +2 | |
| Old Czech Party | 32,224 | 0.70 | 5 | +5 | |
| Czech Independents | 15,952 | 0.35 | 2 | +2 | |
| Czech Realist Party | 14,704 | 0.32 | 2 | New | |
| Czech Paper Candidates | 14,339 | 0.31 | 0 | New | |
| Czech Radical Progressive Party | 9,899 | 0.21 | 2 | +2 | |
| Czech National Party | 9,828 | 0.21 | 1 | –1 | |
| Czech Progressive Constitutionalist Party | 7,879 | 0.17 | 1 | +1 | |
| German Nation | |||||
| Christian Social Party | 542,505 | 11.75 | 65 | +40 | |
| Social Democratic Party | 513,219 | 11.11 | 50 | +38 | |
| German Conservative Party | 193,753 | 4.20 | 31 | +3 | |
| Agrarian Party | 132,978 | 2.88 | 19 | +16 | |
| German People's Party | 131,474 | 2.85 | 29 | –22 | |
| German Progressive Party | 103,315 | 2.24 | 19 | –15 | |
| Free German Party | 70,564 | 1.53 | 13 | New | |
| Pan-German Association | 20,693 | 0.45 | 2 | New | |
| Upper Austrian Farmers' Club | 15,283 | 0.33 | 0 | New | |
| German-National Party | 10,457 | 0.23 | 0 | –22 | |
| Officials’ Party | 5,701 | 0.12 | 0 | New | |
| Free Socialists | 5,289 | 0.11 | 1 | New | |
| German Conservative Farmers' Party | 4,947 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | |
| Independent German Radicals | 4,569 | 0.10 | 2 | New | |
| Independent Pan-Germans | 3,659 | 0.08 | 0 | New | |
| German Workers' Party | 3,486 | 0.08 | 0 | New | |
| German-Christian Party | 3,286 | 0.07 | 0 | New | |
| German Independents | 2,806 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | |
| Social Politicians | 2,386 | 0.05 | 1 | 0 | |
| Tiroler Volksbund | 1,113 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |
| Radical Party | 785 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |
| Central Industrial Committee | 150 | 0.00 | 0 | New | |
| Italian Nation | |||||
| Trentino People's Party | 40,943 | 0.89 | 7 | New | |
| Italian National-Liberal Party | 27,723 | 0.60 | 3 | –9 | |
| Italian Social Democratic Party | 19,918 | 0.43 | 5 | New | |
| Italian-National Party | 9,673 | 0.21 | 1 | –1 | |
| Italian Clerical Party | 9,599 | 0.21 | 2 | +2 | |
| Italian Christian Social Party | 8,977 | 0.19 | 1 | New | |
| Italian Independents | 4,008 | 0.09 | 0 | New | |
| Italian Liberal Farmers' Association | 1,065 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |
| Jewish Candidates | |||||
| Jewish National Party | 31,941 | 0.69 | 4 | New | |
| Polish Nation | |||||
| Polish People's Party | 165,980 | 3.59 | 16 | +12 | |
| Polish Conservative Party | 131,540 | 2.85 | 15 | –39 | |
| Polish Centre Party | 108,247 | 2.34 | 14 | New | |
| Polish National Democratic Party | 104,544 | 2.26 | 14 | +11 | |
| Polish Social Democratic Party | 65,057 | 1.41 | 6 | New | |
| Polish Democratic Party | 45,942 | 0.99 | 11 | +5 | |
| Polish Christian Social Party | 11,210 | 0.24 | 1 | 0 | |
| Independent Socialists | 8,022 | 0.17 | 1 | New | |
| Polish Agrarian Party | 4,971 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | |
| Polish National Party | 3,675 | 0.08 | 0 | –1 | |
| Polish Progressive Democratic Party | 1,684 | 0.04 | 1 | 0 | |
| Romanian Nation | |||||
| Romanian National (Defense) Party | 31,674 | 0.69 | 3 | –2 | |
| Romanian National (Democratic) Party | 15,195 | 0.33 | 1 | New | |
| Romanian Independents | 4,655 | 0.10 | 1 | New | |
| Romanian Social Democratic Party | 823 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |
| Ruthenian Nation | |||||
| Ukrainian National Democratic Party–Young Ruthenian Party | 304,410 | 6.59 | 20 | +19 | |
| Russian National Party | 162,663 | 3.52 | 5 | +2 | |
| Ukrainian Radical Party | 105,118 | 2.28 | 5 | +3 | |
| Ukrainian Social Democratic Party | 27,978 | 0.61 | 2 | New | |
| Serbian Nation | |||||
| Serb People's Party | 7,808 | 0.17 | 2 | 0 | |
| Serbian Independents | 3,975 | 0.09 | 0 | New | |
| Slovenian Nation | |||||
| Slovene Clerical Party | 48,431 | 1.05 | 8 | –3 | |
| Slovene People's Party | 48,175 | 1.04 | 10 | New | |
| Slovene Liberal Party | 23,292 | 0.50 | 3 | –2 | |
| Slovenian National Party | 16,830 | 0.36 | 2 | +2 | |
| Slovene Social Democratic Party | 13,189 | 0.29 | 0 | New | |
| Slovenian National-Progressive Party | 10,921 | 0.24 | 1 | New | |
| Slovenian Pro-German Party | 6,001 | 0.13 | 0 | 0 | |
| Slovenian Agrarian Party | 1,309 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | |
| Slovenian Independents | 873 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |
| Unknown or split | |||||
| Unknown or split votes | 39,416 | 0.85 | – | – | |
| Total | 4,617,360 | 100.00 | 516 | +91 | |
| Valid votes | 4,617,360 | 98.74 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 58,990 | 1.26 | |||
| Total votes | 4,676,350 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 5,526,203 | 84.62 | |||
| Source: ANNO | |||||
By parliamentary grouping
edit| Party | Seats | +/– | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Christian Social Union | 96 | +71 | |
| Poland Club | 55 | –10 | |
| German National Association | 51 | New | |
| Club of German Social Democrats | 50 | +39 | |
| Club of Bohemian Agrarians | 30 | +24 | |
| Bohemian Club | 25 | –19 | |
| Ruthenian Club | 25 | +17 | |
| Club of Bohemian Social Democrats | 24 | New | |
| Association of Yugoslavians | 20 | –5 | |
| Catholic-National Party | 17 | New | |
| Slovenian Club | 17 | New | |
| Polish People’s Party | 16 | +11 | |
| German Progressive Union | 15 | –12 | |
| German Radical Group | 13 | New | |
| Bohemian National Social Club | 11 | New | |
| Italian People’s Party | 10 | New | |
| Club of Polish Social Democrats | 6 | New | |
| Group of Italian Social Democrats | 5 | New | |
| Romanian Club | 5 | Steady | |
| Club of Liberal Italians | 4 | New | |
| Jewish Club | 4 | New | |
| Pan-German Group | 3 | –5 | |
| Representation of Ruthenian-Ukrainian Social Democrats | 2 | New | |
| Independents | 12 | –20 | |
| Total | 516 | +91 | |
| Source: ANNO | |||
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p196 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
- ^ Howe, Philip J.; Szöcsik, Edina; Zuber, Christina I. (2021). "Nationalism, Class, and Status: How Nationalists Use Policy Offers and Group Appeals to Attract a New Electorate". Comparative Political Studies. doi:10.1177/00104140211036033. ISSN 0010-4140.
- ^ a b Nohlen & Stöver, p184
- ^ Jenks, William Alexander (1950). The Austrian Electoral Reform of 1907. Columbia University Press. doi:10.7312/jenk93108/html. ISBN 978-0-231-89205-6.
- ^ Nohlen & Stöver, p209