The Municipal Police Unit (Indonesian: Polisi Pamong Praja, lit. 'Public Servants Police or Country / City Administrators Police',[1] or translated as "Public Order Enforcers[2] Police" or simply 'Municipal Police',[3] abbreviated as Satpol PP or POL PP), are municipal police units throughout Indonesia which are under the control of the local governments of each province, city, and regency (Kabupaten). Its purpose is to assist regional heads (provincial governors, city mayors and/or regents) in enforcing regional regulations and administering public order and public security, the Satpol PP is formed in every province, city, and/or regency.[4] It is under the auspices of the Ministry of Home Affairs.[5]
| Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja | |
 | |
| Agency overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 3 March 1950 (first unit in Yogyakarta) |
| Jurisdiction |  Indonesia (vary by locality) |
| Motto | Praja Wibawa (Guardian by authority) |
| Minister responsible | |
Function and authority
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Function
editAccording to the Government Regulation No. 6 of 2010 regarding the Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja, its functions are:
- preparing and implementing regional regulations enforcement, implementation of public order, public security and protection of the community;
- enforcing policies of the regional regulations and regional head regulations;
- administer public and community order in the regions;
- implementing community protection policies;
- implementing coordination in the enforcement of regional regulations and regional head regulations, implementation of public order and public security in coordination with the Indonesian National Police (Polri), regional Civil Servant Investigative agencies, and/or other apparatus;
- supervising the community, apparatus, or legal entities in order to comply with the regional regulations and regional head regulations; and
- implementing other duties mandated and/or instructed directly by the regional head (governor, mayor and/or regent)
Authority
edit- carry out non-judicial enforcement actions towards the public, officials, or legal entities that violate the local regulations
- take action against the public, civil apparatus, or legal entities that disturb and create nuisance to the public order and security;
- carry out investigations towards members of the public, apparatus, or legal entities that are suspected of violating the regional regulations and/or regional head regulations; and
- carry out administrative actions towards members of the public, apparatus, or legal entities that are suspected of violating the regional regulations and/or regional head regulations.[6]
Differences with the National Police (Polri)
editThere has been some confusion and mix-up about the roles and responsibilities of the municipal police units and the Indonesian National Police among the general public. Generally, the municipal police enforces the policies and laws of the local government's regulation, therefore answering to their respective area's head of government. Meanwhile, the Indonesian National Police enforces the Indonesian national constitutional laws and regulations.[7] Both acts as law enforcement agencies but the Satpol PP report to the local governor, mayor and/or regent, meanwhile the Indonesian National Police reports to the Chief of the Indonesian National Police (Kapolri) which then is responsible to the President.
Operationally, both law enforcement institutions coordinate with each other in implementing law enforcement duties throughout Indonesia. Arrests made towards members of the public suspected of breaking any law concerned with the constitution of the country is done by the Indonesian National Police, the Satpol PP meanwhile may arrest people in a situational scenario but has to hand it over to the police. The Satpol PP are not armed meanwhile the police are armed. Generally, the police has more authority than the Satpol PP in the area of law enforcement.
Controversy
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In 2010, a controversial decree by Gamawan Fauzi (then Minister of Home Affairs), allows members of the unit to be armed with gas-powered revolvers or blanks, electric shock sticks, and baton for riots and crowd control.[8]
Ranks and insignia
editThe municipal and regional units and their personnel, which come from the civil service of local governments, form the police arm of the wider Employees' Corps of the Republic of Indonesia (Korps Pegawai Republik Indonesia), the state trade union of civil service staff, and thus wear insignia similar to those used by the civil service while wearing the Ceremonial uniform (PDU), service uniform (PDH), and field uniform (PDL). They wear brown shoulder boards with the service uniform and gold in the ceremonial dress uniform, with red piping used by senior ranked personnel in command billets. In addition, they wear the brown beret regardless of uniform.
| Rank category | Rank category number | Rank in Indonesian | Equivalent rank (with US General Schedule and UK Civil Service paygrade) |
Rank in English (Municipal Police personnel only) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Directors and Commissioners | IV/e | Pembina Utama | Director General Senior Executive Service Level V, Pay Band 3 A7 |
Director |
| IV/d | Pembina Utama Madya | Director Senior Executive Service Level V Pay Band 2 A7 |
Chief Commissioner | |
| IV/c | Pembina Utama Muda | Deputy Director GS-15, Pay Band 2 A6 |
Commander | |
| IV/b | Pembina Tingkat I | Assistant Director GS-14, Grade 6 A5 |
Senior Commissioner | |
| IV/a | Pembina | Senior Executive Officer 1st class GS-14, Grade 7 A4 |
Commissioner | |
| Subaltern and Field ranked officers | III/d | Penata Tingkat I | Senior Executive Officer 2nd class GS-13, Grade 7 A3 |
Chief Superintenent |
| III/c | Penata | Higher Executive Officer 1st Class GS-12, Grade 7 A2 |
Superintendent | |
| III/b | Penata Muda Tingkat I | Higher Executive Officer GS-11, A2 |
Chief Inspector | |
| Inspectors | III/a | Penata Muda | Executive Officer 1st class GS-10, A2/B6 |
Inspector |
| Senior clerical officials | II/d | Pengatur Tingkat I | Executive Officer 2nd class GS-9, A1/B6 |
Sub-inspector |
| II/c | Pengatur | Executive Officer GS-8, A1/B5 |
Brigadier Major | |
| Middle level clerical officials | II/b | Pengatur Muda Tingkat I | Administrative Officer Class 1 GS-7, B4 |
Brigadier 1st Class |
| II/a | Pengatur Muda | Administrative Officer Class 2 GS-6, B4 |
Senior Brigader | |
| Junior clerical officials | I/d | Juru Tingkat I | Higher Clerical Officer 1st class GS-5, B3 |
Brigadier |
| I/c | Juru | Higher Clerical Officer GS-4/GS-3, B3 |
Junior Brigadier | |
| I/b | Juru Muda Tingkat I | Clerical Officer GS-2, B2 |
Senior Constable | |
| I/a | Juru Muda | Administrative Assistant GS-1, B1 |
Constable |
References
edit- ^ Ayesha, Laiqa. "Hari Pamong Praja 8 September: Simak Sejarah, Tugas dan Fungsinya". detikjabar (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ^ Dina Afrianty (2015). Women and Sharia Law in Northern Indonesia: Local Women's NGOs and the Reform of Islamic Law in Aceh. London: Routledge. p. 189. ISBN 978-1-138-81936-8.
- ^ cpiet (25 July 2021). "The Indonesian National Police Explains the Difference Between the Investigation Authority of the Police and the Municipal Police". INP | Indonesian Natinonal Police. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ^ Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 6 Tahun 2010 Tentang Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja – via jdih.setkab.go.id.
- ^ Dani Prabowo (7 May 2015). Bayu Galih (ed.). "Mendagri Cukup Miliki Satpol PP Saja, Tak Perlu Polisi" [Minister of Home Affairs is to just control the Municipal police, no need of the National Police]. Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 21 March 2022.
- ^ Constitution of Indonesia Number 23 Year 2014 Article 255 (Pasal 255 Undang-undang Nomor 23 tahun 2014)
- ^ The Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 Year 2002 Concerning the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia (PDF) – via policehumanrightsresources.org.
- ^ "'Satpol Must Not Be Armed'". The Jakarta Post. 11 July 2010. Archived from the original on 16 July 2010.