Chlorine peroxide (also known as dichlorine dioxide or ClO dimer) is a molecular compound with formula ClOOCl.[1] Chemically, it is a dimer of the chlorine monoxide radical (ClO·). It is important in the formation of the ozone hole.[2] Chlorine peroxide catalytically converts ozone into oxygen when it is irradiated by ultraviolet light.[3]
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
Chlorine peroxide
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| Other names
ClO dimer
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| Cl2O2 | |
| Molar mass | 102.905 g/mol |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Production
editChlorine peroxide can be produced by laser or ultraviolet photolysis of the chlorine molecule with ozone.[1] The lasers used to break up the chlorine molecule into atoms can be an excimer laser at 248, 308, or 352 nm wavelength.[3] Difluorodichloromethane (CF2Cl2) can also act as a source of chlorine atoms for the formation of the peroxide.[1] Microwave discharge can also break up chlorine molecules into atoms that react with ozone to make chlorine peroxide.[3]
- Cl2 + hν → 2Cl
- Cl + O3 → O2 + ClO·
- 2ClO· + M → ClOOCl + M
- ClOOCl + hν → Cl + ClO2
- ClO2 + M → Cl + O2 + M
Properties
editChlorine peroxide absorbs ultraviolet light with a maximum absorbing wavelength of 245 nm. It also absorbs longer wavelengths up to 350 nm to a lesser extent. This is important as ozone absorbs up to 300 nm.[1]
The Cl−O bond length is 1.704 Å, and the O−O bond is 1.426 Å long.[4] The ClOO bond angle is 110.1°, and the dihedral angle between the two Cl−O−O planes is 81°[4]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Pope, Francis D.; Jaron C. Hansen; Kyle D. Bayes; Randall R. Friedl; Stanley P. Sander (2007). "Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum of Chlorine Peroxide, ClOOCl". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 111 (20): 4322–4332. Bibcode:2007JPCA..111.4322P. doi:10.1021/jp067660w. ISSN 1089-5639. PMID 17474723.
- ^ Lin, Jim J.; Andrew F Chen; Yuan T. Lee (2011). "UV Photolysis of ClOOCl and the Ozone Hole" (PDF). Chemistry: An Asian Journal. 6 (7): 1664–1678. doi:10.1002/asia.201100151. ISSN 1861-4728. PMID 21538907.
- ^ a b c Chen HY, Lien CY, Lin WY, Lee YT, Lin JJ (2009). "UV Absorption Cross Sections of ClOOCl Are Consistent with Ozone Degradation Models". Science. 324 (5928): 781–784. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..781C. doi:10.1126/science.1171305. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 19423825. S2CID 206518754.
- ^ a b Inglese, S.; G. Granucci; T. Laino; M. Persico (2005). "Photodissociation Dynamics of Chlorine Peroxide Adsorbed on Ice". The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 109 (16): 7941–7947. doi:10.1021/jp044368k. ISSN 1520-6106. PMID 16851927.