Clarence Poe (1881–1964) was an American Progressive Era Southern editor, author, reformer, and segregationist.[1]
Clarence Hamilton Poe | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | January 10, 1881 Chatham County, North Carolina |
| Died | October 8, 1964 |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Spouse | Alice Varina Aycock |
| Parent(s) | William Baxter Susan Dismukes Poe |
| Relatives | Augustine Henry Shepperd |
Biography
editEarly life
editClarence Hamilton Poe was born on January 10, 1881, near Gulf in Chatham County, North Carolina.[2][3] His father, William Baxter (1839–1907), was a small cotton farmer and his mother was Susan Dismukes Poe (1846-1911).[3] Augustine Henry Shepperd (1792–1864) was one of his maternal ancestors.[3] He attended Rocky Branch School and only one year of high school.[3]
Career
editHe served as editor of The Progressive Farmer for 65 years beginning in 1899.[2]
He was prominent in pushing for reforms in Southern agriculture to make it more scientific and to improve rural conditions in the South. He served on the State of North Carolina Board of Agriculture, the advisory council of the United States Department of Agriculture, and on the National Commission on Farm Tenancy, as well as chairing the North Carolina Hospital and Medical Care Commission appointed by Governor Broughton in 1944. Poe was praised by many in North Carolina and the South for the work he did for agriculture. However, he is also well known for promoting a program of rural racial segregation in North Carolina, due to the rapid increase of African American farm ownership in the early twentieth century. He was motivated both by modern, social Darwinist assumptions and by his concern that the rise of black farm owners was undermining poor white farmers' ability to compete. In the end, white planters, fearing the loss of their labor, successfully opposed his rural segregation plan.[4]
He worked with his wife's stepmother and aunt, Cora Lily Woodard Aycock, to publish The Life and Speeches of Charles B. Aycock in 1912.[5]
He also served on the board of trustees of the North Carolina State College.[2] A building at the university, Poe Hall, was named in his honor.[6]
Personal life
editPoe married Alice Varina Aycock, the daughter of Governor Charles B. Aycock and his first wife, Varina Woodard..[5]
Death
editHe died on October 8, 1964.[2]
Bibliography
edit- Cotton: Its Cultivation, Marketing and Manufacture (with C. W. Burkett, 1906)
- A Southerner in Europe (1908)
- Where Half the World Is Waking Up (1912)
- Life and Speeches of Charles B. Aycock (with R. D. W. Connor, 1912)
- How Farmers Cooperate and Double Profits (1915)
- True Tales of the South at War (1961)
- My First Eighty Years (1963)
References
edit- ^ Elizabeth Herbin-Triant, Threatening Property: Race, Class, and Campaigns to Legislate Jim Crow Neighborhoods. New York: Columbia University Press, 2019.
- ^ a b c d North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Customer Services: North Carolina Agricultural Hall of Fame Inductees
- ^ a b c d Documenting the American South
- ^ Jack Temple Kirby, Rural Worlds Lost: The American South, 1920-1960. Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1987, p. 236; Elizabeth Herbin-Triant, "Southern Segregation, South Africa-Style: Maurice Evans, Clarence Poe, and the Ideology of Rural Segregation," Agricultural History 87:2 (2013), pp. 170-193; Elizabeth Herbin-Triant, Threatening Property: Race, Class, and Campaigns to Legislate Jim Crow Neighborhoods. New York: Columbia University Press, 2019.
- ^ a b "Aycock, Cora Lily Woodard". NCpedia. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
- ^ "Poe Hall". projects.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2019-12-17.