The Coast Oregon Penutian languages are a proposed family of three small languages or language clusters on the Oregon Coast that has moderate support.[1] Although much of their similarity is demonstrably due to language contact, linguists such as Scott DeLancey believe they may be genealogically related at a greater time depth. They are part of the much more hypothetical Penutian proposal.[2]
| Coast Oregon Penutian | |
|---|---|
| (proposed) | |
| Geographic distribution | western North America |
| Linguistic classification | Penutian?
|
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | None |
Languages
editThe Coast Oregon Penutian languages are:
- Alsean
- Yaquina, spoken on the central Oregon coast around Yaquina Bay & along the Yaquina River (central Oregon coast) by the Yaquina people
- Alsea, spoken on the central Oregon coast around Alsea Bay and along the Alsea and Yachats rivers by the Alsea people
- Siuslaw
- Siuslaw dialect spoken on the central Oregon coast along the Siuslaw River and around Siltcoos Lake
- Kuitsh dialect spoken on the central Oregon coast around Winchester Bay and along the lower Umpqua and Smith rivers.
- Coosan
- possibly several Hanis dialects spoken along the southern Oregon coast in the vicinity of Coos Bay and along the Coos River.
- possibly one or two Miluk dialects spoken along the southern Oregon coast around South Slough of Coos Bay and along the lower Coquille River.
All Coast Oregon Penutian languages became extinct in the 20th century.
Vocabulary
editBelow is a comparison of selected basic vocabulary items in Alsea, Coos, and Lower Umpqua (a Coosan language variety). The lexical data is from Leo J. Frachtenberg's works.
gloss Alsea[3] Coos[4] Lower Umpqua[5] head kusiʼntsi, ʟōkˑ xwî´l̄uxᵘ xwā´ka hair pelūʽʼpᴇlū, ʟōʼsin xˑne´kˑ; yı̂´akᵘ hī´qūⁱ eye hayaʼnīyustǃ, kˑǃīkˑ xwa´lxwal kōpx ear tskwaīʼsalyustǃ kᵘha´n̄as qa´kwīx nose tᴇsiʼn tcūɬ ʟᵒwa´sî tooth tǃᴇliʼl qtsä tʼîx tongue stilaʼkˑayustǃ he´ˡlta tʽǃa´lˑtʽǃalˑ mouth kxai ye´es ʟaa´ hand tāʼmtᴇm kˑe´ɬa tcīʟ; ʟpīkᵘ foot yūⁿʼsalyustǃ kxla tsı̄kᵘ breast ɫkwa᷇ⁿ gā 'nipple' ɬqū´wa (of man) meat hatsīʼlāl tǃeˣt nı̄ʟ blood puʼstᴇx wı̂´tı̂n qā´wī bone qēʼkus lā´makˑ (pl.) tsnā´wî person hīʼtsʟᴇm ma hītc name ʟān, ɫaʼni ɬn̻´nas ɬīn dog tsqax, tsqēⁿx kwī´yos < Jargon cqaxtc < Siuslaw fish tsūdaīʼs ɬtʼī´aⁱ̄ louse täts; mî´tcîɬ ta´wî tree kōts, kōʼxᵘ ɬqaⁱ´ʽtū leaf kˑ'ēʼpau ɬⁱnēlˑ ʟǃīp flower hālēʼtxaū tcāᵃxānᵋ water kˑiʼlū xāᵃp tcī fire tkᴇlɫtsǃīʼs, ʟkˑilīʼtǃa tc!waɬ ʟīya´aᵘ stone kˑlīl kᵘɬī´yex qayū´ʷⁱnts earth leʽwīʼ ʟǃtā ʟǃa´ᵃⁱ salt qaʼlōs mî´tsǃlîs hîlˑa´xwa road yāʼxalīᵋtǃ, xˑūʼlamīt' he´wı̂lts txaⁱnᵋ eat nūns- qǃm-; ʟōᵘ- ɬītǃ- die hask-, qan- e´qe xaū- I qan n̻; nᴇx nà you nīx eᵋ nı̄xᵃts
References
edit- ^ Grant, A. (1997). Coast Oregon Penutian: Problems and Possibilities. International Journal of American Linguistics, 63(1), 144-156.
- ^ DeLancey, S., & Golla, V. (1997). The Penutian Hypothesis: Retrospect and Prospect. International Journal of American Linguistics, 63(1), 171-202.
- ^ Frachtenberg, Leo J. (1920). Alsea texts and myths. Washington: Government Printing Office.
- ^ Frachtenberg, Leo J. (1913). Coos texts. New York: Columbia University Press.
- ^ Frachtenberg, Leo J. (1914). Lower Umpqua texts and notes on the Kusan dialects. Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology (vol. 4, pp. 141–150). (Reprinted 1969, New York: AMS Press).