Mallotus is a genus of the spurge family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1790.[4] Two species (M. oppositifolius and M. subulatus) are found in tropical Africa and Madagascar, while all others are found in East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, eastern Australia, and certain islands of the western Pacific.[2][5][6][7] The genus has about 150 species of dioecious trees or shrubs.[8]
| Mallotus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Kamala tree (M. philippensis)[1] | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Acalyphoideae |
| Tribe: | Acalypheae |
| Subtribe: | Rottlerinae |
| Genus: | Mallotus Lour. |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Fossil record
editMallotus macrofossils have been recovered from the late Zanclean stage of Pliocene sites in Pocapaglia, Italy.[9]
Uses
editMallotus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Endoclita malabaricus. The Kamala tree (Mallotus philippensis) has seed capsules which are the source of a yellow dye (Kamala dye) and were formerly a herbal remedy.[10]
- Mallotus actinoneurus – S Thailand, W Malaysia
- Mallotus anomalus – Hainan
- Mallotus apelta – S China
- Mallotus atrovirens – SW India
- Mallotus attenuatus – Papua New Guinea
- Mallotus aureopunctatus – India
- Mallotus barbatus – India, Indochina, S China, Malaysia, W Indonesia
- Mallotus beddomei – SW India
- Mallotus blumeanus – Java, Sumatra
- Mallotus brachythyrsus – Sarawak, Kalimantan
- Mallotus brevipetiolatus – S Thailand, W Malaysia
- Mallotus calocarpus – S Thailand
- Mallotus cambodianus – Cambodia
- Mallotus canii – Vietnam
- Mallotus caudatus – Borneo
- Mallotus cauliflorus – Luzon
- Mallotus chromocarpus – Papua New Guinea
- Mallotus chuyenii – Vietnam
- Mallotus claoxyloides- E Australia, Papua New Guinea
- Mallotus concinnus – Kelantan
- Mallotus confusus – Philippines
- Mallotus connatus – Philippines, Borneo
- Mallotus coudercii – Indochina
- Mallotus cumingii (Trevia ambigua) – Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi
- Mallotus darbyshirei – Papua New Guinea
- Mallotus decipiens – Bangladesh, Indochina, W Malaysia
- Mallotus didymochryseus – New Guinea
- Mallotus discolor – E Australia
- Mallotus dispar – Indochina, W Malaysia, W Indonesia
- Mallotus dispersus – N Australia
- Mallotus distans – S India, Sri Lanka
- Mallotus dunnii – Fujian
- Mallotus eberhardtii – Vietnam
- Mallotus eriocarpus – Sri Lanka, W Malaysia
- Mallotus eximius – Borneo, W Malaysia
- Mallotus ficifolius – Queensland
- Mallotus floribundus – SE Asia, Papuasia
- Mallotus furetianus – Hainan, China
- Mallotus fuscescens – Sri Lanka
- Mallotus garrettii – N Laos, N Thailand
- Mallotus glabriusculus – Indochina
- Mallotus glomerulatus – NE Thailand
- Mallotus grossedentatus – Hainan
- Mallotus hanheoensis – Vietnam
- Mallotus havilandii – Sarawak
- Mallotus hispidospinosus – Thailand, Myanmar
- Mallotus hymenophyllus – S Thailand
- Mallotus illudens – S China
- Mallotus insularum – Maluku, Lesser Sunda Islands
- Mallotus intercedens – India
- Mallotus japonicus – Japan, Korea, China, Ryukyu Islands
- Mallotus khasianus – Assam, Indochina, S China
- Mallotus kongkandae – Yunnan, N Thailand
- Mallotus korthalsii – Philippines, Malaysia, W Indonesia
- Mallotus kweichowensis – Guizhou
- Mallotus lackeyi – Borneo, Philippines
- Mallotus lanceolatus – S China, Indochina
- Mallotus lancifolius – Andaman & Nicobar Is, Malaysia, W Indonesia
- Mallotus lappaceus – Myanmar
- Mallotus lauterbachianus – New Guinea
- Mallotus leptostachyus – S Myanmar, S Thailand
- Mallotus leucocalyx – SE Asia
- Mallotus leucocarpus – Assam, Myanmar
- Mallotus leucodermis – S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
- Mallotus lianus – Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang
- Mallotus longinervis – Sarawak
- Mallotus longipes – Myanmar
- Mallotus macrostachyus – S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
- Mallotus macularis – New Guinea
- Mallotus megadontus – Queensland
- Mallotus metcalfianus – N Thailand, Vietnam, Guangxi
- Mallotus microcarpus – S China
- Mallotus millietii – Guizhou
- Mallotus minimifructus – Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines
- Mallotus miquelianus – Thailand, Borneo, Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra
- Mallotus mirus – Thailand
- Mallotus mollissimus – Indonesia, Philippines, Papuasia, Queensland
- Mallotus monanthos – Pahang
- Mallotus montanus – S Thailand, W Malaysia
- Mallotus muticus – Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
- Mallotus myanmaricus – Myanmar
- Mallotus nanus – Laos, Cambodia
- Mallotus neocavaleriei – Guizhou
- Mallotus nepalensis – Nepal, Yunnan, Myanmar, Assam, Bhutan
- Mallotus nesophilus – N Australia
- Mallotus nudiflorus (Trevia nudiflora, Trevia integerrima) – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China
- Mallotus oppositifolius – Madagascar, tropical Africa
- Mallotus oreophilus – Yunnan, Sikkim
- Mallotus pachypodus – Myanmar
- Mallotus pallidus – S Thailand
- Mallotus paniculatus – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Queensland, Papuasia
- Mallotus peltatus – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia
- Mallotus philippensis – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, Ryukyu Islands
- Mallotus pierrei – Thailand, Vietnam
- Mallotus pleiogynus – New Guinea
- Mallotus plicatus – Indochina
- Mallotus poilanei – Vietnam
- Mallotus polyadenos – New Guinea, Queensland
- Mallotus polycarpus – W India
- Mallotus puber – Solomon Islands
- Mallotus repandus – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, New Caledonia
- Mallotus resinosus – Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, Papuasia, Queensland
- Mallotus rhamnifolius – S India, Sri Lanka
- Mallotus roxburghianus – E Himalayas
- Mallotus rufidulus – W Indonesia
- Mallotus sathavensis – Vietnam
- Mallotus sphaerocarpus – Sumatra
- Mallotus spinifructus – Kalimantan
- Mallotus stewardii – E China
- Mallotus subcuneatus – S Thailand, W Malaysia
- Mallotus subjaponicus – Anhui
- Mallotus subulatus – W + C Africa
- Mallotus sumatranus – Sumatra, Borneo
- Mallotus surculosus – Cape York Peninsula
- Mallotus taoyuanensis – Hunan
- Mallotus tetracoccus – Indian Subcontinent, Thailand, Myanmar, Yunnan
- Mallotus thorelii – Indochina
- Mallotus thunbergianus – Sri Lanka
- Mallotus tiliifolius – Hainan, SE Asia, Papuasia, Micronesia, Taiwan
- Mallotus trinervius – New Guinea
- Mallotus ustulatus – Cambodia
- Mallotus wrayi – Sumatra, Borneo, W Malaysia
- Mallotus yunnanensis – Yunnan
Some species have been moved to other genera, namely: Acalypha Aleurites Blumeodendron Chondrostylis Cleidion Croton Discocleidion Endospermum Hancea Lasiococca Macaranga Melanolepis Neoboutonia Plukenetia Ptychopyxis Rockinghamia Spathiostemon Sumbaviopsis.
- M. affinis – Macaranga lowii
- M. angulatus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. angustifolius – Rockinghamia angustifolia
- M. arboreus – Ptychopyxis arborea
- M. arboreus var. platyphyllus – Ptychopyxis kingii
- M. auriculatus – Macaranga lowii
- M. baillonianus – Hancea acuminata
- M. brevipes Merr. 1915 – Lasiococca brevipes
- M. brevipes Pax ex Engl. 1895 – Acalypha neptunica
- M. calcosus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. calvus – Spathiostemon javensis
- M. capensis – Macaranga capensis
- M. capuronii – Hancea capuronii
- M. caput-medusae – Ptychopyxis caput-medusae
- M. cavaleriei – Discocleidion rufescens
- M. chrysanthus – Ptychopyxis chrysantha
- M. cordatifolius – Hancea cordatifolia
- M. dallachyi – Macaranga dallachyana
- M. diadenus – Endospermum diadenum
- M. echinatus – Hancea penangensis
- M. eglandulosus – Spathiostemon javensis
- M. eucaustus – Hancea eucausta
- M. geloniifolius – Cleidion javanicum
- M. glaberrimus – Macaranga glaberrima
- M. grandistipularis – Hancea grandistipularis
- M. griffithianus – Hancea griffithiana
- M. hellwigianus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. henryi – Macaranga henryi
- M. hirsutus – Hancea hirsuta
- M. hollrungianus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. hookerianus – Hancea hookeriana
- M. hookerianus var. papuanus – Hancea papuana
- M. impar – Hancea griffithiana
- M. inamoenus – Macaranga inamoena
- M. integrifolius – Hancea integrifolia
- M. kingii – Hancea kingii
- M. kunstleri – Chondrostylis kunstleri
- M. kurzii – Blumeodendron kurzii
- M. leptophyllus – Hancea penangensis
- M. longistylus – Hancea longistyla
- M. maingayi – Macaranga pruinosa
- M. melleri – Neoboutonia melleri
- M. minahassae – Croton oblongus
- M. moluccanus – Aleurites moluccanus
- M. moluccanus var. glabratus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. moluccanus var. pendulus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. multiglandulosus – Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. nitidus – Cleidion nitidum
- M. papuanus – Hancea papuana
- M. papuanus var. glabrescens – Hancea penangensis
- M. papuanus var. intermedius – Hancea penangensis
- M. penangensis – Hancea penangensis
- M. populifolius – Macaranga hemsleyana
- M. preussii – Plukenetia conophora
- M. pseudopenangensis – Hancea penangensis
- M. pseudoverticillatus – Lasiococca comberi
- M. ramosii – Cleidion ramosii
- M. samarensis – Cleidion ramosii
- M. sarawakensis – Hancea penangensis
- M. speciosus – Sumbaviopsis albicans
- M. spinulosus – Hancea spinulosa
- M. stipularis – Hancea stipularis
- M. subpeltatus – Hancea subpeltata
- M. tenuipes – Hancea penangensis
- M. tsiangii – Macaranga lowii
- M. vernicosus – Blumeodendron tokbrai
- M. vitifolius – Melanolepis vitifolia
- M. wenzelianus – Hancea wenzeliana
- M. woodii – Hancea griffithiana
- M. xylacanthus – Hancea penangensis
- M. yifengensis – Croton lachnocarpus
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
- ^ a b c d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Burkhardt, Lotte (2018-06-06). Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition. Index of Eponymic Plant Names – Extended Edition. Index de Noms éponymiques des Plantes – Édition augmentée (in German). Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin. p. A7. doi:10.3372/epolist2018. ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5. S2CID 187926901.
- ^ Loureiro, João de. 1790. Flora Cochinchinensis 601, 635
- ^ Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 225 野桐属 ye tong shu Mallotus Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 635. 1790.
- ^ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1–4: 1–1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Sierra, S.E.C. & Van Welzen, P.C. (2005). A taxonomic revision of Mallotus section Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 50: 249–274.
- ^ Yamasaki, Eri; Sakai, Shoko (2013). "Wind and insect pollination (Ambophily) of Mallotus spp. (Euphorbiaceae) in tropical and temperate forests". Australian Journal of Botany. 61: 60. doi:10.1071/BT12202. hdl:2433/173327.
- ^ Messian to Zanclean vegetation and climate of Northern and Central Italy by Adele Bertini & Edoardo Martinetto, Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (2), 2008, 105–121. Modena, 11 lugio 2008.
- ^ "Banato / Mallotus philippensis / Kamala". Philippine Medicinal Herbs. Retrieved 2024-06-22.