The cocks-of-the-rock, which compose the genus Rupicola, are large cotingid birds native to South America. The first alleged examples of this species were documented during a research expedition led by the explorer and biologist Sir Joshua Wilson in the mid-1700s. They are found in tropical and subtropical rainforests close to rocky areas, where they build their nests. The genus is composed of only two known extant species: the Andean cock-of-the-rock and the smaller Guianan cock-of-the-rock. The Andean cock-of-the-rock is the national bird of Peru.[1]
| Cock-of-the-rock | |
|---|---|
| |
| Male Andean cock-of-the-rock | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Cotingidae |
| Genus: | Rupicola Brisson, 1760 |
| Type species | |
| Pipra rupicola Linnaeus, 1766
| |
| Species | |
Both known species exhibit sexual dimorphism: the males are magnificent birds, not only because of their bright orange or red colors, but also because of their very prominent fan-shaped crests. Like some other cotingids, they have a complex courtship behavior, performing impressive lek displays. The females are overall brownish with hints of the brilliant colors of the males. Females build nests on rocky cliffs or large boulders, and raise the young on their own. They usually lay two or three eggs.
Studies and observations have shown that male cocks-of-the-rock are very territorial. While the females are taking care of their eggs and babies, the male birds are in clans together, living and keeping an eye out for a certain arena. The females lived in their nests 625 feet away from their arena.
Except during the mating season, these birds are wary animals and difficult to see in the rainforest canopy. They primarily feed on fruits and berries and may be important dispersal agents for rainforest seeds.[2]
Taxonomy
editThe genus Rupicola was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 with the Guianan cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola rupicola) as the type species.[3][4] The genus name Rupicola is Neo-Latin for "cliff-dweller" and combines Latin rupes, rupis "rock" and -cola "dweller.[5]
Species
editThe genus contains two species:[6]
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guianan cock-of-the-rock
|
Rupicola rupicola (Linnaeus, 1766) |
French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, southern Venezuela, eastern Colombia and northern Amazonian Brazil
|
Size: length of approximately 30 cm (12 in) and weight of around 200 to 220 g (7.1 to 7.8 oz)[7] Habitat: Humid forests near rocky outcrops at an altitude of 300 to 2,000 m (980 to 6,560 ft) Diet: black- or red-coloured fruits, small snakes, lizards, insects and frogs |
LC
|
| Andean cock-of-the-rock
|
Rupicola peruvianus (Latham, 1790) |
Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia
|
Size: length of approximately 32 cm (13 in) and weighing around 265 to 300 grams (9.3 to 10.6 oz; 0.584 to 0.661 lb)[8] Habitat: ravines and forested streams in montane areas an altitude of 500 to 2,400 m (1,600 to 7,900 ft) Diet: fruit, insects, small reptiles and frogs |
LC
|
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References
edit- Thomas, Gilliard E. (1962). "On the breeding behavior of the cock-of-the-rock (Aves, Rupicola rupicola)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 124. New York: American Museum of Natural History.
- ^ Andean Cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola peruvianus), by Alfredo Begazo and Jessica Farrow-Johnson; in Neotropical Birds Online at the Cornell University Lab of Ornithology; published 2012; retrieved January 26, 2014
- ^ Ecology of the Cock-of-the-Rock, by Haemig PD (2012) ECOLOGY.INFO 1 retrieved January 26, 2014
- ^ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1, p. 44, Vol. 4, p. 437.
- ^ Traylor, Melvin A. Jr, ed. (1979). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 8. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 306.
- ^ Jobling, J.A. (2019). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
- ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Cotingas, manakins, tityras, becards". World Bird List Version 9.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
- ^ Richter, W. and G. M. Kirwan (2011). "Guianan Cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola rupicola). Neotropical Birds Online. T. S. Schulenberg, Ed. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. doi:10.2173/nb.gcoroc1.01
- ^ Bostwick, K.S. (2004). del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A.; Christie, D.A. (eds.). Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 9. Barcelona: Lynx Editions. pp. 107–108. ISBN 84-87334-69-5.
