The Unitary Democratic Coalition[6] (Portuguese: CDU – Coligação Democrática Unitária, CDU) is an electoral and political coalition between the Portuguese Communist Party (Portuguese: Partido Comunista Português or PCP) and the Ecologist Party "The Greens" (Portuguese: Partido Ecologista "Os Verdes" or PEV). The coalition also integrates the political movement Democratic Intervention (Portuguese: Intervenção Democrática or ID).
Unitary Democratic Coalition Coligação Democrática Unitária | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation |
|
| Leader | Paulo Raimundo |
| Founded | 1987 |
| Preceded by | United People Alliance |
| Headquarters | Rua Soeiro Pereira Gomes 3, 1600-019 Lisboa |
| Youth wing | Juventude CDU |
| Membership | 49,960 in 2020 (PCP) c. 6,000 in 2007 (PEV) |
| Ideology | Communism[1][2] Eco-socialism[3] Hard Euroscepticism[4][5] |
| Political position | Left-wing to far-left |
| European Parliament group | The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL |
| Colours |
|
| Member parties | |
| Assembly of the Republic | 4 / 230 |
| European Parliament | 1 / 21 |
| Regional Parliaments | 0 / 104 |
| Local government (Mayors) | 19 / 308 |
| Local government (Parishes) | 112 / 3,058 |
| Election symbol | |
 | |
| Website | |
| www | |
The coalition was formed in 1987 in order to run to the simultaneous legislative election and European Parliament election that were held on July 19 of that year. It achieved its best result in the 1987 elections both nationally and locally. From 1991 until 2019, the party consistently won between six and ten percent of the national vote in elections to the Assembly of the Republic until 2022 and 2024, in which the coalition dropped below 5% nationally for the first time. The coalition supported the minority Socialist Costa Government from 2015 until 2019 with a confidence and supply agreement.
History
editSince the beginning of the coalition, the member parties have never participated separately in any election. The Communist Party is the major force of the coalition and has the majority of places in the electoral lists while the Greens are a smaller party. For example, the Greens were responsible for 2 members of parliament among the 17 elected by the coalition in the 2015 legislative election. Each party has its own parliamentary group and counts as a separate party in official issues.
Along with the Left Bloc, the coalition supported the minority Socialist Costa Government from 2015 until 2019 under a confidence and supply agreement.[7] This was known as the "Geringonça" (Contraption) deal, a setup that Prime minister António Costa decided to end following the 2019 elections.[8]
In the 2022 election, the CDU won six seats while the Greens achieved zero seats. In the 2024 election, the CDU won four seats and the Greens zero, with the coalition achieving just 3.3 percent of the votes.[9] In 2024, the coalition lost their historic seat in the Beja district and for the first time lost all MPs in the Alentejo region.[10]
Symbol
editThe present symbol of CDU shows the PCP's symbol and the PEV's symbol, a hammer and sickle and a sunflower, respectively, with the respective names below. That symbol replaced a former one that featured three hexagons with the inscription: CDU and was often used with a beehive. That was sometimes said to mean that CDU worked just like a bee (collectively and every day) and the hexagons were meant to represent the cell-based Leninist organization of the PCP.
-
Coalition logo in 1987. -
Current logo of the coalition.
Youth organization
editThe coalition has a youth wing, called Juventude CDU, that develops political work in youth related subjects, along with youth-oriented activities, mainly during the electoral campaigns. The Juventude CDU is mainly composed by members of the youth wings of the parties that compose the CDU, the Portuguese Communist Youth and the Ecolojovem.
Election results
editAssembly of the Republic
edit
Vote share in the Portuguese legislative elections
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1987 | Álvaro Cunhal | 689,137 | 12.1 (#3) | 31 / 250
|
 7
|
Opposition |
| 1991 | 504,583 | 8.8 (#3) | 17 / 230
|
14
|
Opposition | |
| 1995 | Carlos Carvalhas | 506,157 | 8.6 (#4) | 15 / 230
|
2
|
Opposition |
| 1999 | 487,058 | 9.0 (#3) | 17 / 230
|
 2
|
Opposition | |
| 2002 | 379,870 | 6.9 (#4) | 12 / 230
|
5
|
Opposition | |
| 2005 | Jerónimo de Sousa | 433,369 | 7.5 (#3) | 14 / 230
|
2
|
Opposition |
| 2009 | 446,279 | 7.9 (#5) | 15 / 230
|
1
|
Opposition | |
| 2011 | 441,147 | 7.9 (#4) | 16 / 230
|
1
|
Opposition | |
| 2015 | 445,901 | 8.3 (#4) | 17 / 230
|
1
|
Opposition (2015) | |
| Confidence and supply | ||||||
| 2019 | 332,018 | 6.3 (#4) | 12 / 230
|
5
|
Opposition | |
| 2022 | 238,920 | 4.3 (#6) | 6 / 230
|
6
|
Opposition | |
| 2024 | Paulo Raimundo | 205,551 | 3.2 (#5) | 4 / 230
|
2
|
Opposition |
Presidential
edit| Election | Candidate | Votes | % | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | Carlos Carvalhas | 635,867 | 12.9 (#3) | Lost 
|
| 1996 | Jerónimo de Sousa | Withdrew | ||
| 2001 | António Simões de Abreu | 221,886 | 5.1 (#3) | Lost
|
| 2006 | Jerónimo de Sousa | 466,428 | 8.6 (#4) | Lost
|
| 2011 | Francisco Lopes | 300,921 | 7.1 (#4) | Lost
|
| 2016 | Edgar Silva | 183,051 | 3.9 (#5) | Lost
|
| 2021 | João Ferreira | 180,518 | 4.3 (#4) | Lost
|
European Parliament
edit| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | EP Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1987 | Ângelo Veloso | 648,700 | 11.5 (#4) | 3 / 24
|
COM | |
| 1989 | Carlos Carvalhas | 597,759 | 14.4 (#3) | 4 / 24
|
1
|
EUL / G |
| 1994 | Luis Manuel de Sá | 340,725 | 11.2 (#4) | 3 / 25
|
1
|
GUE/NGL |
| 1999 | Ilda Figueiredo | 357,671 | 10.3 (#3) | 2 / 25
|
1
| |
| 2004 | 309,401 | 9.1 (#3) | 2 / 24
|
 0
| ||
| 2009 | 379,787 | 10.6 (#4) | 2 / 22
|
0
| ||
| 2014 | João Ferreira | 416,925 | 12.7 (#3) | 3 / 21
|
1
| |
| 2019 | 228,045 | 6.9 (#4) | 2 / 21
|
1
|
The Left | |
| 2024 | João Oliveira | 162,630 | 4.1 (#6) | 1 / 21
|
1
|
Regional Assemblies
edit| Region | Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Madeira | 2024 | Edgar Silva | 2,217 | 1.6 (#8) | 0 / 47
|
1
|
No seats |
| Azores | 2024 | Marco Varela | 1,823 | 1.6 (#7) | 0 / 57
|
0
|
No seats |
Local elections
edit| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Councillors | +/- | Mayors | +/- |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1989 | Álvaro Cunhal | 633,682 | 12.8 (#3) | 253 / 1,997
|
50 / 305
| ||
| 1993 | Carlos Carvalhas | 689,928 | 12.8 (#3) | 246 / 2,015
|
7
|
49 / 305
|
1
|
| 1997 | 643,956 | 12.0 (#3) | 236 / 2,021
|
10
|
41 / 305
|
8
| |
| 2001 | 557,481 | 10.6 (#3) | 202 / 2,044
|
34
|
28 / 308
|
13
| |
| 2005 | Jerónimo de Sousa | 590,598 | 11.0 (#3) | 203 / 2,046
|
1
|
32 / 308
|
4
|
| 2009 | 537,329 | 9.7 (#3) | 174 / 2,078
|
29
|
28 / 308
|
4
| |
| 2013 | 552,506 | 11.1 (#3) | 213 / 2,086
|
39
|
34 / 308
|
6
| |
| 2017 | 489,189 | 9.5 (#3) | 171 / 2,074
|
42
|
24 / 308
|
10
| |
| 2021 | 410,666 | 8.2 (#3) | 148 / 2,064
|
23
|
19 / 308
|
5
|
Notes
edit- ^ since 2022
References
edit- ^ THE STATE OF POPULISM IN EUROPE (2016) via Politico EU
- ^ The State of Populism in Europe 2017 via Academia
- ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Portugal". Parties and Elections in Europe.
- ^ Godinho, Luísa (2019). "The local construction of Euroscepticism: a downsian approach to the positioning of the Portuguese Communist Party vis-à-vis the European project". Centro de Estudos Internacionais (CEI-ISCTE).
- ^ "Europeias: CDU defende "outro projeto" europeu, PS alerta que ideia "é muito perigosa"" (in Portuguese). Diário de Notícias. 7 May 2019.
- ^ "Elections for the National Parliament, 4th October 2015". 28 September 2015.
- ^ "Presidente da República indicou Secretário-Geral do PS para Primeiro-Ministro" (in Portuguese). Presidência da República. 24 November 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
- ^ Borges, Liliana (11 October 2019). "Catarina Martins lamenta fim da "geringonça"". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 16 March 2024.
- ^ "CDU desce ainda mais e renova pior resultado eleitoral de sempre". Sapo24 (in Portuguese). 11 March 2024. Archived from the original on 12 March 2024. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
- ^ "Alentejo. PCP fica sem deputados no ex-bastião e Chega elege três". Renascença (in Portuguese). 11 March 2024. Archived from the original on 12 March 2024. Retrieved 12 March 2024.