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The Comités de Défense Paysanne or Peasant Defense Committees were radical agrarian groups France founded in 1929.[1]
It was originally founded by an agricultural editor in Brittany Henry Dorgères in 1929 to oppose the proposed changes in assurance sociales, French social security, that would have been expensive to many small farms.[2] Dorgères' credibility came from a popular service his newspaper offered to farmers which checked avertissements (land tax notices) for errors in the cadastral land surveys they were based on to reduce the taxes.[3]
It had a youth section, the Jeunesses Paysannes, more commonly known as the Greenshirts[4] which was how his general movement was often known. The first President of the Jeunesses Paysannes was Modeste Legouez,[5] a future Senator for Eure[6] who opposed the socialist leader Pierre Mendes France in the 1936 French legislative election.[7]
The Peasant Defense Committees were seen as differing from the more established and conservative Syndicats agricoles through a willingness to embrace direct action (including tax strikes[8]), a more egalitarian organisational structure that did not rely on aristocratic rural social hierarchies and the use of more militaristic attributes such as oaths and uniforms.[9] The Committees were far more widespread and popular in the North of France compared to the South of France, although there was some success among market gardeners in Vaucluse and Var.[10]
In 1934 it would join up with the larger and more conservative Union nationale des syndicats agricoles and the French Agrarian and Peasant Party to form the Front paysan although this would fall apart in 1936 due to differences in political strategy.[11]
Although it was not listed among the far right leagues that the Popular Front government dissolved in 1936, the Minister of the Interior Roger Salengro did order prefects to keep close watch on the comités.[12]
Its expansion stopped at the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. Dorgeres supported the National Revolution of Petain and was named the general delegate for organization and propaganda for the Peasant Corporation, a Vichy government organization that tried to embody the agrarian corporatism that the Comités and their allies embodied.
Dorgeres was imprisoned for a short time for his work with the Peasant Corporation, although he was released for his work with the resistance. The Comités did not revive after the war, although a lot of their more libertarian strains were embodied in Poujadism, for which Dorgeres was a deputy.
References
edit- ^ Ory 1975, p. 169.
- ^ Bensoussan 2006.
- ^ Dorgères 1959, p. 17.
- ^ Paxton 1997, pp. 3–4.
- ^ Ory 1979, pp. 183–184.
- ^ https://books.openedition.org/pur/18692
- ^ Ory 1979, p. 179.
- ^ Rissoan 2002, p. 72.
- ^ Paxton 1997, p. 127.
- ^ Hubscher 1996.
- ^ Ory 1975, pp. 175–176.
- ^ Paxton 1997, p. 137.
Sources
edit- Bensoussan, David (2006-09-20), Fayard (ed.), Combats pour une Bretagne catholique et rurale: Les droites bretonnes dans l'entre-deux-guerres, Fayard, ISBN 978-2-213-64181-2, retrieved 2024-11-15
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Charpon, Françoise; Léonard, Yves (2015), Pierre Mendès France, élu d’un département rural, Presses universitaires de Rennes, ISBN 978-2-7535-2339-5, retrieved 2024-11-19
- Dorgères, Henri (1959), Au XXe siècle : 10 ans de jacquerie (PDF), FeniXX réédition numérique, ISBN 978-2-307-06264-6, retrieved 2024-11-14
- Hubscher, Ronald (1996), "Robert O PAXTON, Le temps des Chemises vertes. Révoltes paysannes et fascisme rural, I929-1939, Paris, Éditions du Seuil, I996, 315", Cahiers d'Histoire (42–1), doi:10.4000/ch.22, retrieved 2024-11-15
- Ory, Pascal (1975), "Le dorgérisme, institution et discours d'une colère paysanne (1929-1939)", Revue d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine, 22 (2): 168–190, doi:10.3406/rhmc.1975.2416, retrieved 2024-11-13
- Paxton, Robert O. (1997-09-26), French Peasant Fascism : Henry Dorgeres' Greenshirts and the Crises of French Agriculture, 1929-1939, Oxford University Press, USA, ISBN 978-0-19-535474-4, retrieved 2024-11-13
- Rissoan, Jean-Pierre (2002), Traditionalisme et révolution Volume 2, Lulu.com, ISBN 9781409277576, retrieved 2024-11-20
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