There are at least 20 species of Gymnosperms or Coniferous plants in Montana.[1]
The conifers, division Pinophyta, also known as division Coniferophyta or Coniferae, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxa within the Kingdom Plantae. Pinophytes are gymnosperms. They are cone-bearing seed plants with vascular tissue; all extant conifers are woody plants, the great majority being trees with just a few being shrubs. Typical examples of conifers include cedars, Douglas firs, cypresses, firs, junipers, kauris, larches, pines, hemlocks, redwoods, spruces, and yews.[2] The division contains approximately eight families, 68 genera, and 630 living species.[3][4]
The Ponderosa pine, a conifer, is the Montana State Tree.[5]
Cedars and junipers
editOrder: Pinales, Family: Cupressaceae
- Common juniper, Juniperus communis[6]
- Creeping juniper, Juniperus horizontalis[7]
- Rocky mountain juniper, Juniperus scopulorum[8]
- Utah juniper, Juniperus osteosperma[9]
- Western redcedar, Thuja plicata[10]
Fir, hemlock, larch, pine, and spruce
edit
Order: Pinales, Family: Pinaceae
- Alpine larch, Larix lyallii[11]
- Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii[12]
- Engelmann spruce, Picea engelmannii[13]
- Grand fir, Abies grandis[14]
- Limber pine, Pinus flexilis[15]
- Lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta[16]
- Mountain hemlock, Tsuga mertensiana[17]
- Ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa[18]
- Subalpine fir, Abies lasiocarpa[19]
- Western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla[20]
- Western larch, Larix occidentalis[21]
- Western white pine, Pinus monticola[22]
- White spruce, Picea glauca[23]
- Whitebark pine, Pinus albicaulis[24]
Yew
editOrder: Pinales, Family: Taxaceae
- Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia[25]
Further reading
edit- Rydberg, Per Axel PhD (1900). Catalogue of the flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park (PDF). New York: New York Botanical Garden.
- Booth, W.E. (1950). Flora of Montana, Part I Conifers and Monocots. Bozeman, Montana: The Research Foundation at Montana State College.
- Kavanaugh, James (2005). Montana Trees & Wildflowers: An Introduction to Familiar Species. Waterford Press. ISBN 1-58355-293-6.
- Little, E.L. Jr. (1979). Checklist of United States trees (native and naturalized). Agriculture Handbook No. 541. Washington, D.C: U.S. Forest Service.
- Petrides, George A. (1992). A Field Guide to Western Trees. Western United States and Canada. Roger Tory Peterson Field Guides 50th Anniversary Edition. Norwalk, CT: Easton Press.
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Conifers". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ Campbell, Reece, "Phylum Coniferophyta."Biology. 7th. 2005. Print. P.595
- ^ Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual checklist - Conifer database Archived 2009-01-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Lott, J.; Liu, J.; Pennell, K.; Lesage, A.; West, M. (2002). "Iron-rich particles and globoids in embryos of seeds from phyla Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta, and Ginkgophyta: characteristics of early seed plants". Canadian Journal of Botany. 80 (9): 954–961. doi:10.1139/b02-083.
- ^ "Montana State Symbols". Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Common Juniper". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Creeping Juniper". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Rocky Mountain Juniper". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Utah Juniper". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Western Redcedar". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Alpine Larch". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Douglas Fir". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Engelmann Spruce". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Grand Fir". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Limber Pine". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Lodgepole Pine". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Mountain Hemlock". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Ponderosa Pine". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Subalpine Fir". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Western Hemlock". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Western Larch". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Western White Pine". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-White Spruce". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Whitebark Pine". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ^ "Montana Field Guide-Pacific Yew". Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Retrieved 2010-12-06.