A community school in England and Wales is a type of state-funded school in which the local education authority employs the school's staff, is responsible for the school's admissions and owns the school's estate.[1][2][3][4] The formal use of this name to describe a school derives from the School Standards and Framework Act 1998.[5]
Board school
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In the mid-19th century, government involvement in schooling consisted of annual grants to the National Society for Promoting Religious Education and the British and Foreign School Society (BFSS) to support the "voluntary schools" that they ran, and monitoring inspections of these schools. The Elementary Education Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 75) imposed stricter standards on schools, and provided for the setting up of locally elected school boards in boroughs and parishes across England and Wales, empowered to set up elementary-level board schools where voluntary provision was insufficient to meet local education need.
A number of voluntary schools, especially those of the BFSS, chose to become board schools. Parents were still required to pay fees, though the fees of the poorest were paid by the board.[6]
County School
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The Education Act 1902 abolished school boards, transferring their functions to counties and boroughs acting as local education authorities. The board schools were thus renamed county schools. The act also introduced county secondary schools, which were greatly expanded during the early 20th century.[6] Prior to the changes introduced in the Education Act 1944 the county secondary schools provided a grammar school type education to a small sector of the school age population. The majority of children were educated in an elementary school until the then school leaving age of 14. The name 'county school' was prestigious[citation needed] and remained in common usage to describe local grammar schools after 1944. Many schools retain the word 'county' in their name whether still under local authority control or moved to academy status. Examples include Chelmsford County High School for Girls, Enfield County School, Ilford County High School, Guildford County School, Wallington County Grammar School.
School Standards and Framework Act 1998
editLocal authority maintained schools were renamed community schools in the School Standards and Framework Act 1998.[5] In 2008 approximately 61% of the state-funded primary and secondary schools in England were community schools.[7]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Types of school". Department of Education. 22 October 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
- ^ "The Composition of Schools in England" (PDF). Department for Children, Schools and Families. June 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2009.
- ^ Types of School Archived 2009-05-04 at the Wayback Machine, Citizens Advice Bureau.
- ^ Community and community special schools, Department for Education, 27 September 2011.
- ^ a b School Standards and Framework Act 1998, Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
- ^ a b Lawson, John; Silver, Harold (1973). A Social History of Education in England. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-43251-1.
- ^ "Pupil Characteristics and Class Sizes in Maintained Schools in England: January 2008 (Provisional)". Department for Children, Schools and Families.
