Poromitra crassiceps, commonly called the crested bigscale (also called large-headed midnight fish, crested melamphid, or one-horned melamphaid[2]) is a species of deep sea fish in the ridgehead family.
| Poromitra crassiceps | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Beryciformes |
| Family: | Melamphaidae |
| Genus: | Poromitra |
| Species: | P. crassiceps
|
| Binomial name | |
| Poromitra crassiceps Günther, 1878
| |
While the fish with the common name crested bigscale in Alaskan waters had formerly been identified as P. crassiceps, it is now believed that Alaskan crested bigscales are actually Poromitra curilensis, and that P. crassiceps is restricted to the Atlantic Ocean.[3] As a result of this mis-identification, P. crassiceps is occasionally identified as the largest ridgehead - while specimens of P. curilensis as large as 18 cm SL[4][5] have been found, the maximum length of P. crassiceps is 14.8 cm SL.[6]
Although almost no light penetrates to the deep sea from the surface, the crested bigscale has evolved features that make it practically invisible. Like other deep sea fish, it needs to avoid being seen by predators, some of which hunt for prey by creating their own light by means of bioluminescence. The crested bigscale achieves invisibility by having a skin that absorbs light with great efficiency. The pigment melanin is crammed into granules which are grouped into melanophores which cover virtually the whole of the dermis. This absorbs almost all of the incoming light, and any remaining light that scatters sideways is absorbed by neighbouring granules. The melanophores also cover the big scales, but these detach easily, and any predator that gets close enough, may end up with a mouthful of scales. Altogether, the absorption of light is 99.5% efficient, a fact that makes photographing this fish in its natural habitat very difficult.[7]
References
edit- ^ Iwamoto, T. (2015). "Poromitra crassiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T190239A21913970. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T190239A21913970.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ^ Fishbase - Common names of Poromitra crassiceps - Accessed 22 May 2012
- ^ M.S. Yang (1993) - Food habits of the commercially important groundfishes in the Gulf of Alaska in 1990. US Dept. of Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memorand MMFS-AFSC-22
- ^ Parin, Nikolay V.; Ebeling, Alfred W. (February 1980). "A new Western Pacific Poromitra (Pisces: Melamphaidae)". Copeia. 1980 (1): 87–93. doi:10.2307/1444136. JSTOR 1444136.
- ^ Kotlyar, A.N. (September 2008). "Revision of the genus Poromitra (Melamphaidae): Part 2. New species of the group P. crassiceps". Journal of Ichthyology. 48 (8): 553–564. doi:10.1134/S0032945208080018. S2CID 23057815.
- ^ Childress, J.J.; Taylor, S.M.; Caillet, G.M.; Price, M.H. (December 1980). "Patterns of growth, energy utilization and reproduction in some meso- and bathypelagic fishes off Southern California" (PDF). Marine Biology. 61 (1): 27–40. doi:10.1007/BF00410339. S2CID 85057951.
- ^ Ouellette, Jennifer (18 July 2020). "Scientists unlocked the secret of how these ultrablack fish absorb light". Ars Technica. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
External links
edit- Crested Bigscale at the Digital Fish Library - With some images of crested bigscales.
- Fishbase Article on Poromitra crassiceps - Much more information with references.
- Résultats des campagnes scientifiques - Prince Albert I of Monaco (french)