The Luxembourg War Cross (French: Croix de Guerre, German: Kriegskreuz) is a military decoration of Luxembourg. It was created on 17 April 1945 by the Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg.[2][3] The War Cross recognizes military service and feats of bravery.[2][3] The medal is often referred to as the Luxembourg Croix de Guerre (French for War Cross) as French is one of Luxembourg's three official languages.[4]
| Luxembourg War Cross | |
|---|---|
 Luxembourg War Cross | |
| Type | Military decoration |
| Awarded for | Distinguished acts of courage and bravery |
| Presented by |  Luxembourg |
| Status | Not currently awarded |
| Established | 17 April 1945 |
 Luxembourg War Cross ribbon bar  Luxembourg War Cross Unit award  Unit award streamer | |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | Cross of Honour and Military Merit[1] |
| Equivalent | Luxembourg War Cross (1951) |
Luxembourg bestowed the War Cross on both Luxembourg citizens and members of the Allied Forces for acts of particular bravery or valor during the Liberation of Luxembourg.[4] The War Cross could also be awarded to military units.[5][6][7] The Luxembourg War Cross was one of the rarest foreign decorations bestowed on allied troops due to the small number of combat operations that took place in Luxembourg—in contrast to major fighting in places like Belgium, France, and Germany.[citation needed]
War Cross 1940–1945
editThe War Cross 1940–1945 was established in April 1945 by Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg. This decoration was awarded to members of the armed forces and paramilitary organizations who rendered distinguished service during World War II. Foreigners were also eligible for award.
The medal is a dark bronze cross in the Cross pattée design.[3] The cross is surmounted by a grand ducal crown.[8][4] On the obverse side it has a large letter C surmounted by a crown. The reverse side of it has the date 1940. The cross has crossed swords between the arms of the cross pointing upward, also made of the dark bronze.[2][3] The ribbon of the War Cross is Nassau blue, with three stripes of yellow-orange spaced equally from the center. The edges are also yellow-orange.[8]
War Cross 1951
editThe War Cross 1951 was instituted in May 1951. This decoration is awarded to those members of Military of Luxembourg and paramilitary organizations who have distinguished themselves through acts of bravery and courage. It may be awarded posthumously. The decoration may also be awarded to foreigners. The War Cross 1951 was established to allow the government of Luxembourg to recognize service in the Korean War, as well as in future conflicts.[8]
The War Cross 1951 appears exactly as the War Cross 1940–1945, with the exception of the reverse. Instead of bearing the date 1940, that space is occupied by a wreath of oak leaves.[8][4]
United States military unit awards
editThe United States Military allows members of those units which have been awarded the decoration wear the blue and yellow-orange ribbon, enclosed within a gold frame. This represents the unit's receipt of the award as a streamer in the same colors as the ribbon carried on the unit's standard.[9]
References
edit- ^ "DISTINCTIONS HONORIFIQUES" (PDF). CODE ADMINISTRATIF – 2007 – Vol. 4. Journal Officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 April 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
- ^ a b c "The Language of Warfare - Luxembourg War Cross". Retrieved 7 January 2008.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c d "OMSA - Luxembourg War Cross". Retrieved 7 January 2008.
- ^ a b c d "Arrêté grand-ducal du 9 mai 1951 portant institution d´une Croix de Guerre" (PDF). Journal officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (in French). Service Central de Législation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-10-05. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
- ^ "1st Battalion, 46th Infantry". History.army.mil. Archived from the original on 23 May 2008. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
- ^ "34th Armor". History.army.mil. Archived from the original on 21 September 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
- ^ "35th Engineer Battalion". History.army.mil. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
- ^ a b c d Clark, John (200). Gallantry Medals & Decorations of the World. Pen and Sword. pp. 139–140. ISBN 9781473814516. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
- ^ "Streamers Documentation". The Institute of Heraldry. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2012.