Major-General Cuthbert Henry Tindall Lucas, , CB, CMG, DSO, DL (1 March 1879 – 7 April 1956) was a British Army officer who commanded the 4th Division during the final months of World War I, and also served in the Second Boer War and the Irish War of Independence, during which he was captured by the Irish Republican Army (IRA).
Cuthbert Lucas | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1 March 1879 |
| Died | 7 April 1956 (age 77) |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Service |  British Army |
| Years of service | 1898–1932 |
| Rank | Major-General |
| Unit | Royal Berkshire Regiment |
| Commands |
|
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards | |
Early life
editLucas was born in Hitchin, Hertfordshire, on 1 March 1879.[1] He later attended Marlborough College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.[1]
Military career
editLucas was commissioned as a second lieutenant into 2nd Battalion, the Royal Berkshire Regiment, on 7 May 1898.[2] He served with the battalion in South Africa during the Second Boer War from 1899 to 1902, taking part in operations in the Orange Free State from February to July 1900, in Transvaal from July to November 1900, and later in Cape Colony south of Orange River. He was promoted to lieutenant on 1 August 1900, while in South Africa.[3] After the end of the war in June 1902, Lucas and the rest of the 2nd battalion was sent to Egypt, where they arrived on the SS Dominion in November 1902.[4] He later served in the Egyptian Army and Sudan Civil Service.[2]
He served in World War I with the British Expeditionary Force and fought at Gallipoli in 1915 where he was promoted to command the 87th Brigade of the 29th Division. He led the brigade during the Battle of the Somme[5] and into 1917 before becoming Commandant of the Machine Gun Corps Training Centre in 1918.[2] He was appointed General Officer Commanding 4th Division in October 1918 during the closing stages of the War.[6]
On 30 June 1919, Lucas was appointed a deputy lieutenant of Hertfordshire.[7] He was made Commander of 17th Infantry Brigade in Ireland, and of Fermoy Barracks, on 30 October 1919,[1][8] and on 26 June 1920, during the Irish War of Independence, he was captured by the IRA while he was fishing on the Munster Blackwater near Fermoy[1] along with Colonels Tyrell and Danford. After Danford was wounded during an unsuccessful attempt to escape from a moving car the same day, the volunteers freed Tyrell to attend to Danford's wounds. Both Colonels were subsequently taken to a military hospital at Fermoy.[9]
General Lucas was subsequently held in West Limerick[1] and East Clare.[10]
A letter from his wife, announcing the birth of their child, and addressed simply "to the IRA", was delivered to him and his captors allowed a subsequent exchange of letters between the couple. His letters home remain in the possession of his descendants and were shown on an episode of the BBC Television programme Antiques Roadshow.[1]
The IRA moved him to East Limerick from where Lucas escaped four weeks later.[11] It is believed his captors purposely relaxed the guard to allow him to escape rather than be faced with the possibility of executing him. While being transferred from Pallas RIC barracks to Tipperary military barracks in a routine army patrol they were ambushed and Lucas received a slight injury.[12][13]
In 2014 Barbara Scully, a granddaughter of one of the IRA volunteers involved, George Power, published his recollections to his family of the kidnap in the Irish Times.[14] This brought a friendly reply from General Lucas' granddaughter, Ruth Wheeler, in which she stated that General Lucas risked a court martial for stating that during his kidnap and time in captivity he was treated as “a gentleman by gentlemen” and was held by “delightful people".[15]
Ireland's Defence Forces have published online Bureau of Military History witness statements by the IRA volunteers involved in the kidnap, as well as those who guarded General Lucas while he was held as a prisoner of war.[16]
In 2020 Lucas' granddaughter, Ruth Wheeler, and other members of the Lucas family published the letters he wrote and received while in captivity online.[17] Limerick Councillor Emmett O'Brien and other local people in March 2019 announced an intent to re-enact the capture, imprisonment, and release of General Lucas on the anniversary in 2020.[18]
Lucas became Assistant Adjutant General at Aldershot Command in 1924 and served with the staff at General Headquarters, British Army of the Rhine from 1927 before he retired to Stevenage in 1932.[1][2] He died on 7 April 1956 and is buried in Graveley, Hertfordshire.[19]
Family
editHe married Joan Holdsworth in October 1917,[1] who died on 6 September 1979 and is also buried in Graveley, Hertfordshire.[20]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h Rigby, Nic (10 March 2019). "The Army general who charmed his IRA kidnappers". BBC News. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
- ^ a b c d Cuthbert Lucas Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives
- ^ Hart's Army list, 1903
- ^ "The Army in South Africa – The War office and reservist". The Times. No. 36920. London. 8 November 1902. p. 10.
- ^ "First World War Centenary Partnership". Imperial War Museums. Archived from the original on 30 March 2012.
- ^ "Army Commands" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2015.
- ^ "No. 31478". The London Gazette. 29 July 1919. p. 9587.
- ^ Townshend, Charles (2013). The Republic: The Fight for Irish Independence, 1918–1923. Allen Lane. ISBN 9780241003497.
- ^ "Bertram William Young Danford, Royal Engineers". Soldiers of the Queen. Archived from the original on 24 June 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ "Photograph of General C. H. Lucas being held by East Clare Brigade, Limerick Chronicle article of 31 May 1994 with 1921 archive photo on Limerick City Library Local Studies website" (PDF). Limerick City and County Council. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ^ "The General Lucas Abduction by Chris Ryan, historical account with footnotes in The Old Limerick Journal of Winter 2016 on Limerick City Library Local Studies website" (PDF). Limerick City and County Council. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ^ "Chronology of Irish History 1919 – 1923". Archived from the original on 5 September 2007.
- ^ "The World at War - Ireland 1922 - 1919". www.schudak.de.
- ^ "Inviting the British back to the GPO, article published on 17 May 2014". The Irish Times. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ^ "'Inviting the British back to the GPO', Letter to the Editor published on 3 June 2014". The Irish Times. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ^ "Witness statement search for phrase "General Lucas"". Óglaigh na hÉireann Defence Forces Ireland, Military Archives. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ^ "Revealed 100 years on: the letters of a British general kidnapped by the IRA". The Irish Times. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
- ^ "Letters reveal story of 'friendly kidnap', Limerick Leader of 30 March 2019 article on Limerick City Library Local Studies website" (PDF). Limerick City and County Council. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
- ^ "Cuthbert Henry Tindall Lucas". Find a Grave. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ^ "Joan Lucas". Find a Grave. Retrieved 19 June 2020.