Cuyamaca (Kumeyaay: ‘Ekwiiyemak)[1] is a region of eastern San Diego County, California. It lies east of the Capitan Grande Reservation in the western Laguna Mountains, north of Descanso and south of Julian. Named for the 1845 Rancho Cuyamaca Mexican land grant, the region is now dominated by the 26,000-acre (110 km2) Cuyamaca Rancho State Park. Within the park is the prominent Cuyamaca Peak, the second-highest mountain in San Diego County at 6,512 feet (1,984.9 m). The modern community of Cuyamaca is on the north side of the lake. It consists of the Cuyamaca Woods, Cuyamaca Resort, and North Peak areas.[2]
The name is a Spanish corruption of the Kumeyaay phrase "'Ekwiiyemak", which means, according to Margaret Langdon's translation, "Behind the clouds".[3] It has also been translated as "the place where it rains", a reference to the region's higher average precipitation than San Diego County's low coastal areas. Cuyamaca is a popular toponym lending its name to streets, businesses and a community college in the San Diego area.
History
editDuring the Julian Gold Rush, a quartz gold mine; the Stonewall Mine, was found on the south side of what is now Lake Cuyamaca. First a mining camp called Stonewall (1873–1876), then the mining company town of Stratton (1887–1888), renamed Cuyamaca City (1888–1906),[4] at its peak had a population of 500 and served the Stonewall Mine.
In 1906, the post office was closed and service moved to Descanso. The town was abandoned after mining operations ceased, and few traces of it exist.[5] The site of the town now lies within Cuyamaca Rancho State Park[6] at 32°59′05″N 116°34′15″W / 32.98472°N 116.57083°W.
The modern community of Cuyamaca later developed on the north side of the lake. Before the Cedar Fire of 2003, the community of Cuyamaca consisted of approximately 145 homes on a mountain (North Peak) north of the reservoir.
Cedar Fire
editIn October 2003, most of the Cuyamaca region was consumed by the Cedar Fire. Nearly 25,000 acres (100 km2) in the state park and 120 homes in the community of Cuyamaca were incinerated. The fire also destroyed the Lakeland Resort, Camp Fire's Camp Wolahi and the former San Diego-Imperial Council, BSA's Camp Hual-Cu-Cuish .[7] The historic Dyer Ranch house in the center of the state park, which functioned as a museum and the park headquarters, was also destroyed.[8]
Climate
edit| Climate data for Lake Cuyamaca, CA, 1991-2020 normals | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 76 (24) |
75 (24) |
82 (28) |
86 (30) |
92 (33) |
101 (38) |
104 (40) |
110 (43) |
101 (38) |
93 (34) |
85 (29) |
78 (26) |
110 (43) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 66 (19) |
67 (19) |
71 (22) |
77 (25) |
83 (28) |
89 (32) |
95 (35) |
93 (34) |
91 (33) |
83 (28) |
74 (23) |
68 (20) |
96 (36) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 52.3 (11.3) |
52.9 (11.6) |
56.4 (13.6) |
61.5 (16.4) |
67.9 (19.9) |
77.4 (25.2) |
84.5 (29.2) |
85.0 (29.4) |
80.0 (26.7) |
69.7 (20.9) |
59.9 (15.5) |
52.4 (11.3) |
67.5 (19.7) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 41.7 (5.4) |
42.3 (5.7) |
45.3 (7.4) |
49.5 (9.7) |
55.1 (12.8) |
63.6 (17.6) |
70.5 (21.4) |
70.4 (21.3) |
64.7 (18.2) |
55.1 (12.8) |
47.2 (8.4) |
41.3 (5.2) |
53.9 (12.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 31.5 (−0.3) |
31.8 (−0.1) |
34.3 (1.3) |
37.6 (3.1) |
42.3 (5.7) |
49.6 (9.8) |
56.5 (13.6) |
55.8 (13.2) |
49.5 (9.7) |
40.5 (4.7) |
34.5 (1.4) |
30.2 (−1.0) |
41.2 (5.1) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 19 (−7) |
20 (−7) |
24 (−4) |
29 (−2) |
32 (0) |
42 (6) |
46 (8) |
45 (7) |
38 (3) |
30 (−1) |
24 (−4) |
18 (−8) |
15 (−9) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −2 (−19) |
−1 (−18) |
10 (−12) |
20 (−7) |
20 (−7) |
27 (−3) |
34 (1) |
29 (−2) |
23 (−5) |
15 (−9) |
10 (−12) |
2 (−17) |
−2 (−19) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 5.32 (135) |
5.62 (143) |
5.41 (137) |
2.21 (56) |
0.89 (23) |
0.15 (3.8) |
0.46 (12) |
0.80 (20) |
0.76 (19) |
1.20 (30) |
3.16 (80) |
4.82 (122) |
30.8 (780.8) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 5.6 (14) |
7.4 (19) |
8.2 (21) |
2.9 (7.4) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
1.6 (4.1) |
3.6 (9.1) |
29.5 (75.1) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 7 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 57 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 2 | 1.8 |
| Source: NOAA[9] | |||||||||||||
References
edit- ^ Ted Couro and Christina Hutcheson (1973), Dictionary of Mesa Grande Diegueño, Malki Museum Press, Morongo Indian Reservation, Banning, California
- ^ https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/pds/docs/CP/Central_MT_CP.pdf
- ^ Erwin G. Gudde (1998) [1949], California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names, Revised by William Bright (4th ed.), University of California Press.
- ^ Frickstad, Walter N., A Century of California Post Offices 1848-1954, Philatelic Research Society, Oakland, CA. 1955, pp. 147–158
- ^ Pourade, Richard, The History of San Diego, Chapter 4, The Mountain that Sprouted Gold
- ^ Sampson, Michael, Recent Archaeological Investigations at the Stonewall Mine Site
- ^ https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2003/10/31/julian-survives-cedar-fire-38-percent-contained-officials-say/
- ^ "California wildfires burn through 600,000 acres", CNN, October 29, 2003, retrieved August 30, 2007 Archived October 30, 2003, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 18, 2023.