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Cynognathia ("dog jaw") is one of two major clades of cynodonts, the other being Probainognathia. Cynognathians included the large carnivorous genus Cynognathus and the herbivorous or omnivorous gomphodonts such as traversodontids. Cynognathians can be identified by several synapomorphies including a very deep zygomatic arch that extends above the middle of the orbit.
| Cynognathians Temporal range: Early to Late Triassic,
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| Skull of the carnivorous cynognathian Cynognathus crateronotus | |
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| Skull of Exaeretodon a herbivorous traversodontid | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Synapsida |
| Clade: | Therapsida |
| Clade: | Cynodontia |
| Clade: | Eucynodontia |
| Clade: | †Cynognathia Hopson and Barghusen, 1986 |
| Subgroups | |
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Cynognathian fossils are currently known from Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America and South America.
Taxonomy
edit- Suborder Cynodontia
- Infraorder Eucynodontia
- (unranked) Cynognathia
- Family Cynognathidae
- (unranked) Gomphodontia
- Family Diademodontidae
- (unranked) Neogomphodontia
- Family Trirachodontidae
- Subfamily Trirachodontinae
- Subfamily Sinognathinae
- Family Traversodontidae
- Etjoia
- Nanogomphodon
- Scalenodon
- Subfamily Traversodontinae
- Unnamed clade
- Andescynodon
- Pascualgnathus
- Mandagomphodon
- Subfamily Massetognathinae
- Subfamily Arctotraversodontinae
- Subfamily Gomphodontosuchinae
- Family Trirachodontidae
- (unranked) Cynognathia
- Infraorder Eucynodontia
Phylogeny
editCynognathians in a cladogram after Stefanello et al. (2023):[2]
| Eucynodontia |
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See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Hendrickx, C.; Gaetano, L. C.; Choiniere, J. N.; Mocke, H.; Abdala, F. (2020). "A new traversodontid cynodont with a peculiar postcanine dentition from the Middle/Late Triassic of Namibia and dental evolution in basal gomphodonts". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (20): 1669–1706. doi:10.1080/14772019.2020.1804470. S2CID 221838726.
- ^ Stefanello, M.; Martinelli, A. G.; Müller, R. T.; Dias-da-Silva, S.; Kerber, L. (2023). "A complete skull of a stem mammal from the Late Triassic of Brazil illuminates the early evolution of prozostrodontian cynodonts". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 30 (2): 299–317. doi:10.1007/s10914-022-09648-y. S2CID 256452176.