Luria lurida

Luria lurida is a species of sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.

Luria lurida
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Littorinimorpha
Family:	Cypraeidae
Genus:	Luria
Species:	L. lurida
Binomial name
Luria lurida (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
See list

Description

The shells of Luria lurida reach on average 40–48 millimetres (1.6–1.9 in)of length, with a minimum size of 14 millimetres (0.55 in) and a maximum size of 66 millimetres (2.6 in). The dorsum surface of these elongated, smooth and shiny shells is mainly pale brown or reddish, with three transversal darker bands alternating with narrower clearer bands. At the extremities of the shell there are two separate dark brown spots. The aperture is wide, with several teeth. In the living cowries the mantle is dark brown and may cover the entire shell. The male is usually smaller and elongated than the female.

A shell of Luria lurida from Sicily, lateral view, anterior end towards the right

Dorsal view of a shell of Luria lurida from Sicily, dorsal view, anterior end towards the right

Distribution

This common species is distributed in the Mediterranean Sea and in the Atlantic Ocean along Macaronesia and West Africa, mainly in Senegal and Angola.

Habitat

As they fear the light, during the day usually they hide themselves in small caves, crevices or under rocks up to about 40 metres (130 ft)of depth. They live on rocky seabed and corals, feeding during the night mainly on sponges of Verongia aerophoba, Aiplysina aerophoba, Chondrilla nucula and Tethya aurantium.

Subspecies

Three subspecies have been recognized :

• Luria lurida lurida (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Luria lurida minima (Dunker, 1853) (taxon inquirendum)
• Luria lurida oceanica (Schilder, 1930)
• Luria lurida pulchroides Alvardo & Alvarez, 1964 (taxon inquirendum)

Synonyms

• Cypraea amethistina Costa O.G., 1830
• Cypraea aurora Monterosato, 1897
• Cypraea kunthii Audouin, 1826
• Cypraea leucogaster Gmelin, 1791
• Cypraea lurida Linnaeus, 1758 (original combination)
• Cypraea lurida congiunta Settepassi, 1977 (not available, published in a work which does not consistently use binomial nomenclature (ICZN art. 11.4))
• Cypraea lurida elongata Settepassi, 1977 (not available, published in a work which does not consistently use binomial nomenclature (ICZN art. 11.4))
• Cypraea lurida immaculata Settepassi, 1977 (not available, published in a work which does not consistently use binomial nomenclature (ICZN art. 11.4))
• Cypraea lurida oceanica Schilder, 1930
• Cypraea lurida var. albida Costa O.G., 1829
• Cypraea lurida var. brunnea Monterosato, 1897
• Cypraea lurida var. caerulescens Mollerat, 1890
• Cypraea lurida var. cinerea Monterosato, 1897
• Cypraea lurida var. concolor Kobelt, 1906
• Cypraea lurida var. curta Mollerat, 1890
• Cypraea lurida var. cylindrica Mollerat, 1890
• Cypraea lurida var. fasciata Monterosato, 1897
• Cypraea lurida var. fulva Mollerat, 1890
• Cypraea lurida var. major Pallary, 1900
• Cypraea lurida var. maxima Monterosato, 1897
• Cypraea lurida var. media Monterosato, 1897
• Cypraea lurida var. minima Dunker, 1853
• Cypraea lurida var. monochroa Mollerat, 1890
• Cypraea lurida var. monstrosa Gray J.E., 1828
• Cypraea lurida var. nebulosa Monterosato, 1897
• Cypraea lurida var. normalis Monterosato, 1897
• Cypraea lurida var. pubescens Monterosato, 1897
• Cypraea lurida var. rufescens Costa O.G., 1829
• Cypraea lurida var. rufofulva Kobelt, 1906
• Cypraea lurida var. turdicula Monterosato, 1897
• Cypraea lurida var. ventricosa Mollerat, 1890
• Cypraea lurida var. virescens Costa O.G., 1829
• Cypraea lurida var. zonata Mollerat, 1890
• Luria lurida lurida (Linnaeus, 1758)· accepted, alternate representation
• Luria lurida var. badia Coen, 1949
• Luria lurida var. incrassata Coen, 1933
• Luria lurida var. liburnica Coen, 1933
• Luria lurida var. obstructa Coen, 1933
• Luria lurida var. onycina Coen, 1933
• Lurida lurida (Linnaeus, 1758) (misspelling)
• Voluta pumilio Brusina, 1865

Lateral view of a shell of Luria lurida pulchroides, anterior end to the right

Lateral view of a shell of Luria lurida lurida, anterior end to the right

References

• Monterosato T. A. (di) (1897 (1 luglio)). Sur les Cypraea de la Méditerranée. Journal de Conchyliologie 45 (3): 153-165, Tab VI
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
• Rolán E., 2005. Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda
• Repetto G., Orlando F. & Arduino G. (2005): Conchiglie del Mediterraneo, Amici del Museo "Federico Eusebio", Alba, Italy [as Luria lurida (Linné, 1758)]
• Prats Pi, L. (2002): Gastròpodes marins de la cala de Binissafúller, Menorca (Illes Balears) Molluscat, Spira, 1(2): 21-24 [as Lurida lurida (Linnaeus, 1758)]
• Doneddu M. 1999. Some notes about range, habitat and ecology of the Mediterranean species of Cypraeidae. The Festivus 31 ( 8 ): 87-91. San Diego
• Coen G. (1933). Saggio di una Sylloge Molluscorum Adriaticorum. Memorie del Regio Comitato Talassografico Italiano 192: pp. i-vii, 1-186
• Coen G. (1949). Nota su alcune forme nuove di Cypreacea. Hist. Natur 3 (1): 13-18
• Settepassi F. (1977). Atlante Malacologico. I molluschi marini viventi nel Mediterraneo, volume II. 304 pp. Museo di Zoologia, Roma
• Rolán E., 2005. Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda.

External links

• Biolib
• Sea-shell
• Flmnh
• "Luria lurida pulchroides". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
• Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius
• Costa O. G. (1830 ["1829"]) Catalogo sistematico e ragionato de' testacei delle Due Sicilie. Tipografia della Minerva, Napoli. pp. 1–8, i-cxxxii, pl. 1-3
• Audouin V. (1826) Explication sommaire des planches de Mollusques de l'Egypte et de la Syrie publiées par J.C. Savigny. in: Description de l'Egypte ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Egypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française, publié par les ordres de sa majesté l'empereur Napoléon le grand. Histoire Naturelle, Animaux invertébrés 1(4): 7-56. Paris: Imprimerie impériale
• Gmelin J.F. (1791). Vermes. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(6). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig]. pp. 3021–3910
• Brusina S. (1865). Conchiglie dalmate inedite. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-königlichen Zoologisch-botanisch Gesellschaft in Wien. 15: 3-42
• Pallary, P. (1900). Coquilles marines du littoral du département d'Oran. Journal de Conchyliologie. 48(3): 211-422.
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 180-213