TYROBP

TYRO protein tyrosine kinase-binding protein is an adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the TYROBP gene.

TYROBP
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2L34, 2L35, 4WO1, 4WOL
Identifiers
Aliases	TYROBP, DAP12, KARAP, PLOSL, TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein, PLOSL1, transmembrane immune signaling adaptor TYROBP
External IDs	OMIM: 604142; MGI: 1277211; HomoloGene: 7986; GeneCards: TYROBP; OMA:TYROBP - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 19 (human) Band 19q13.12 Start 35,904,401 bp End 35,908,295 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 7 (mouse) Band 7 B1|7 17.45 cM Start 30,113,185 bp End 30,117,010 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in monocyte granulocyte blood spleen right lung bone marrow periodontal fiber upper lobe of left lung bone marrow cells gallbladder Top expressed in granulocyte tibiofemoral joint mesenteric lymph nodes spleen calvaria stroma of bone marrow right lung lobe blood internal carotid artery dermis More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function signaling receptor binding protein binding identical protein binding metal ion binding Cellular component integral component of membrane cell surface plasma membrane integral component of plasma membrane membrane secretory granule membrane Biological process integrin-mediated signaling pathway macrophage activation involved in immune response cellular defense response neutrophil activation involved in immune response intracellular signal transduction innate immune response regulation of osteoclast development signal transduction regulation of immune response neutrophil degranulation osteoclast differentiation myeloid leukocyte activation positive regulation of natural killer cell activation positive regulation of macrophage fusion protein stabilization positive regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface positive regulation of osteoclast development microglial cell activation involved in immune response positive regulation of gene expression actin cytoskeleton organization negative regulation of B cell proliferation forebrain development negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production positive regulation of superoxide anion generation response to axon injury apoptotic signaling pathway positive regulation of hippocampal neuron apoptotic process negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation positive regulation of neuron death positive regulation of receptor localization to synapse apoptotic cell clearance immune system process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 7305 22177 Ensembl ENSG00000011600 ENSMUSG00000030579 UniProt O43914 O54885 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001173514 NM_001173515 NM_003332 NM_198125 NM_011662 RefSeq (protein) NP_001166985 NP_001166986 NP_003323 NP_937758 NP_035792 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 35.9 – 35.91 Mb Chr 7: 30.11 – 30.12 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
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Function

For zeta-chain, see T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain.

This gene encodes a transmembrane signaling polypeptide which contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) in its cytoplasmic domain. The encoded protein may associate with the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family of membrane glycoproteins and may act as an activating signal transduction element. This protein may bind zeta-chain associated protein kinase 70 kDa (ZAP-70) and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and play a role in signal transduction, bone modeling, brain myelination, and inflammation. Mutations within this gene have been associated with polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL), also known as Nasu-Hakola disease. Its putative receptor, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), also causes PLOSL. Two alternative transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. Other alternative splice variants have been described, but their full-length nature has not been determined.

Interactions

TYROBP has been shown to interact with SIRPB1.

Clinical significance

Pathological mutations of the TYROBP gene cause polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy 1, a condition presenting as early-onset dementia.

External links

• GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Polycystic Lipomembranous Osteodysplasia with Sclerosing Leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL)

Further reading

• Colonna M (2003). "DAP12 signaling: from immune cells to bone modeling and brain myelination". J. Clin. Invest. 111 (3): 313–4. doi:10.1172/JCI17745. PMC 151875. PMID 12569153.
• Takaki R, Watson SR, Lanier LL (2007). "DAP12: an adapter protein with dual functionality". Immunol. Rev. 214: 118–29. doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2006.00466.x. PMID 17100880. S2CID 12937527.
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
• Pekkarinen P, Hovatta I, Hakola P, Järvi O, Kestilä M, Lenkkeri U, Adolfsson R, Holmgren G, Nylander PO, Tranebjaerg L, Terwilliger JD, Lönnqvist J, Peltonen L (1998). "Assignment of the locus for PLO-SL, a frontal-lobe dementia with bone cysts, to 19q13". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62 (2): 362–72. doi:10.1086/301722. PMC 1376898. PMID 9463329.
• Lanier LL, Corliss B, Wu J, Phillips JH (1998). "Association of DAP12 with activating CD94/NKG2C NK cell receptors". Immunity. 8 (6): 693–701. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80574-9. PMID 9655483.
• Pekkarinen P, Kestilä M, Paloneva J, Terwillign J, Varilo T, Järvi O, Hakola P, Peltonen L (1999). "Fine-scale mapping of a novel dementia gene, PLOSL, by linkage disequilibrium". Genomics. 54 (2): 307–15. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5591. PMID 9828133.
• Cantoni C, Bottino C, Vitale M, Pessino A, Augugliaro R, Malaspina A, Parolini S, Moretta L, Moretta A, Biassoni R (1999). "NKp44, A Triggering Receptor Involved in Tumor Cell Lysis by Activated Human Natural Killer Cells, Is a Novel Member of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily". J. Exp. Med. 189 (5): 787–96. doi:10.1084/jem.189.5.787. PMC 2192947. PMID 10049942.
• Bellón T, Heredia AB, Llano M, Minguela A, Rodriguez A, López-Botet M, Aparicio P (1999). "Triggering of effector functions on a CD8+ T cell clone upon the aggregation of an activatory CD94/kp39 heterodimer". J. Immunol. 162 (7): 3996–4002. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.162.7.3996. PMID 10201920.
• Bakker AB, Baker E, Sutherland GR, Phillips JH, Lanier LL (1999). "Myeloid DAP12-associating lectin (MDL)-1 is a cell surface receptor involved in the activation of myeloid cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (17): 9792–6. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.9792B. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.17.9792. PMC 22289. PMID 10449773.
• Dietrich J, Cella M, Seiffert M, Bühring HJ, Colonna M (2000). "Cutting edge: signal-regulatory protein beta 1 is a DAP12-associated activating receptor expressed in myeloid cells". J. Immunol. 164 (1): 9–12. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.1.9. PMID 10604985.
• Bouchon A, Dietrich J, Colonna M (2000). "Cutting edge: inflammatory responses can be triggered by TREM-1, a novel receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes". J. Immunol. 164 (10): 4991–5. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.10.4991. PMID 10799849.
• Tomasello E, Cant C, Bühring HJ, Vély F, André P, Seiffert M, Ullrich A, Vivier E (2000). "Association of signal-regulatory proteins beta with KARAP/DAP-12". Eur. J. Immunol. 30 (8): 2147–56. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(2000)30:8<2147::AID-IMMU2147>3.0.CO;2-1. PMID 10940905. S2CID 84258013.
• Bottino C, Falco M, Sivori S, Moretta L, Moretta A, Biassoni R (2001). "Identification and molecular characterization of a natural mutant of the p50.2/KIR2DS2 activating NK receptor that fails to mediate NK cell triggering". Eur. J. Immunol. 30 (12): 3569–74. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200012)30:12<3569::AID-IMMU3569>3.0.CO;2-E. PMID 11169398.
• Gingras MC, Lapillonne H, Margolin JF (2002). "TREM-1, MDL-1, and DAP12 expression is associated with a mature stage of myeloid development". Mol. Immunol. 38 (11): 817–24. doi:10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00004-4. PMID 11922939.
• Paloneva J, Manninen T, Christman G, Hovanes K, Mandelin J, Adolfsson R, Bianchin M, Bird T, Miranda R, Salmaggi A, Tranebjaerg L, Konttinen Y, Peltonen L (2002). "Mutations in Two Genes Encoding Different Subunits of a Receptor Signaling Complex Result in an Identical Disease Phenotype". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 71 (3): 656–62. doi:10.1086/342259. PMC 379202. PMID 12080485.
• Lucas M, Daniel L, Tomasello E, Guia S, Horschowski N, Aoki N, Figarella-Branger D, Gomez S, Vivier E (2002). "Massive inflammatory syndrome and lymphocytic immunodeficiency in KARAP/DAP12-transgenic mice". Eur. J. Immunol. 32 (9): 2653–63. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200209)32:9<2653::AID-IMMU2653>3.0.CO;2-V. PMID 12207350.
• Kondo T, Takahashi K, Kohara N, Takahashi Y, Hayashi S, Takahashi H, Matsuo H, Yamazaki M, Inoue K, Miyamoto K, Yamamura T (2002). "Heterogeneity of presenile dementia with bone cysts (Nasu-Hakola disease): three genetic forms". Neurology. 59 (7): 1105–7. doi:10.1212/wnl.59.7.1105. PMID 12370476. S2CID 36364470.
• Gilfillan S, Ho EL, Cella M, Yokoyama WM, Colonna M (2002). "NKG2D recruits two distinct adapters to trigger NK cell activation and costimulation". Nat. Immunol. 3 (12): 1150–5. doi:10.1038/ni857. PMID 12426564. S2CID 5859797.