Dimethyl methylphosphonate is an organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula CH3PO(OCH3)2. It is a colourless liquid, which is primarily used as a flame retardant.
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| Names | |
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Dimethyl methylphosphonate | |
Other names
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.010.957 |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
| UN number | 1993 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C3H9O3P | |
| Molar mass | 124.076 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | colourless liquid |
| Density | 1.145 g/mL at 25 °C |
| Melting point | −50 °C (−58 °F; 223 K) |
| Boiling point | 181 °C (358 °F; 454 K) |
| slowly hydrolyses | |
| Hazards[1] | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Toxic |
| GHS labelling: | |
 
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| Warning | |
| H319, H340, H361f | |
| P201, P305+P351+P338, P308+P310 | |
| Flash point | 69 °C (156 °F; 342 K) closed cup |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Synthesis
editDimethyl methylphosphonate can be prepared from trimethyl phosphite and a halomethane (e.g. iodomethane) via the Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction.[2]
Dimethyl methylphosphonate is a schedule 2 chemical as it may be used in the production of chemical weapons. It will react with thionyl chloride to produce methylphosphonic acid dichloride, which is used in the production of sarin and soman nerve agents. Various amines can be used to catalyse this process.[3] It can be used as a sarin-simulant for the calibration of organophosphorus detectors.
Uses
editThe primary commercial use of dimethyl methylphosphonate is as a flame retardant. Other commercial uses are a preignition additive for gasoline, anti-foaming agent, plasticizer, stabilizer, textile conditioner, antistatic agent, and an additive for solvents and low-temperature hydraulic fluids.[4] It can be used as a catalyst and a reagent in organic synthesis, as it can generate a highly reactive ylide. The yearly production in the United States varies between 100 and 1,000 short tons (91,000 and 907,000 kg).[citation needed]
About 190 liters of dimethyl methylphosphonate, together with other chemicals, were released during the crash of El Al Flight 1862 at Bijlmer in Amsterdam in 1992.[5][6]
References
edit- ^ "GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank". gestis.dguv.de.
- ^ Jasiak, Aleksandra; Mielniczak, Grażyna; Owsianik, Krzysztof; Koprowski, Marek; Krasowska, Dorota; Drabowicz, Józef (2019). "Solvent-Free Michaelis–Arbuzov Rearrangement under Flow Conditions". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 84 (5): 2619–2625. doi:10.1021/acs.joc.8b03053. PMID 30698971. S2CID 73412537.
- ^ Maier, Ludwig (1990). "Organic Phosphorus Compounds 90.l A Convenient, One-Step Synthesis of Alkyl- and Arylphosphonyl Dichlorides". Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements. 47 (3–4): 465–470. doi:10.1080/10426509008038002.
- ^ "Product Stewardship Summary Dimethyl methylphosphonate" (PDF). ashland.com. Ashland Global. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
- ^ "Israel says El Al crash chemical 'non-toxic'". BBC. 2 October 1998. Archived from the original on 18 August 2003. Retrieved 2 July 2006.
- ^ Greenberg, Joel (2 October 1998). "Nerve-Gas Element Was in El Al Plane Lost in 1992 Crash". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 October 2007.