Dafen (Chinese: 大芬; pinyin: Dàfēn; Jyutping: daai6 fan1) is a suburb of Buji, Longgang, Shenzhen, in the province of Guangdong, China. Since 1989, the area has been an artists' village for the production of replicas of masterworks and outsourcing of original art creation as a specialised urban cottage industry.[1]
History
editIn 1989, the painter Huang Jiang started copying paintings and has since been considered the founder of Dafen's replica industry.[2] In the early 1990s, a group of about twenty artists who trained at art academies took up residence under the leadership of businessman Huang Jiang. They produced dozens of replicas daily of oil paintings by masters such as Vincent van Gogh, Salvador Dalí, Leonardo da Vinci, Rembrandt, and Andy Warhol.[3] In the 1990s, Huang sent a painting to Walmart and received an order of 50,000 paintings, which he had to produce within fourteen days.[4]
After the 2007–2008 financial crisis, Western demand declined and domestic buyers ordered Chinese art copies, forcing a change in style.[5] As of 2014, 7,000 artists were based in Dafen, living and working in the factories, copying paintings, and five million paintings were being exported to the United States and Europe per year. Some artists can finish up to 100 paintings in twelve hours.[2] In 2018, 8,000 people lived in Dafen, and the local government promised to develop it into a tourist destination.[5]
A 2019 publication estimated the Dafen area produced revenues of around US$630 million annually. Previously, talent was needed in the production, but the village has innovated with "large scale printers and clusters of tablets and phones ... use[d] for templating", so that minimal training is required.[6]
Replicas
editOfficial policy states that the replicas produced at Dafen Oil Painting Village are copied from artists who have died more than fifty years ago, and consequently out of copyright. However, the artists copied include Georgia O'Keeffe, who died in 1986.[7] Knockoffs of contemporary artists such as Fernando Botero and Yue Minjun are also sold.[3]
References
edit- ^ Eler, Alicia (22 March 2016). "Exhibit | Why Not Outsource All Your Art Ideas to China?". CraveOnline. Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
- ^ a b "Die größte Fälscherstadt in China". Galileo. Season 2014. Episode 12 (in German). 15 January 2014. ProSieben. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ a b Fallows, James (19 December 2007). "Workshop of the world, fine arts division". The Atlantic. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
- ^ Paetsch, Martin (21 August 2006). "Chinesisches Kunst-Werk: Van Goghs vom Fließband". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 22 January 2022.
- ^ a b "Dafen oil painting village: The world's art factory". Al Jazeera. 18 February 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
- ^ Judova, Jenny (May 2019). "Economic Lessons from China's Secret Art Factory". Art Map London. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
- ^ Osnos, Evan (13 February 2007). "Chinese village paints by incredible numbers". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
Further reading
edit- Li, Si-ming; Cheng, Hung-ha; Wang, Jun (January 2014). "Making a cultural cluster in China: A study of Dafen Oil Painting Village, Shenzhen". Habitat International. 41: 156–164. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2013.07.004. S2CID 154515411.
- Wong, Winnie (2013). Van Gogh on Demand: China and the Readymade. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-02489-9. OCLC 841051200.
- Wang, J.; Li, S.M. (2017). "State territorialization, neoliberal governmentality: the remaking of Dafen oil painting village, Shenzhen, China". Urban Geography. 38 (5: Interpreting China's new urban spaces: State, market, and society in action): 708–728. doi:10.1080/02723638.2016.1139409. S2CID 146903503.
- Friedman, Thomas L. (20 December 2008). "Opinion | China to the Rescue? Not!". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
- Cascone, Sarah (19 July 2018). "After Years of Painting Van Gogh Replicas, a Chinese Artist Fulfills His Dream: A Trip to Europe to See the Real Thing". Artnet News. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
External links
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