Sebka (Arabic: شبكة, romanized: shabaka, lit. 'net')[1]: 80 [2] refers to a type of decorative motif used in western Islamic ("Moorish") architecture and Mudéjar architecture.
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History and description
editVarious types of interlacing rhombus-like motifs are heavily featured on the surfaces of minarets and other architectural elements in Morocco and al-Andalus during the Almohad period (12th–13th centuries). They continued to spread to other decorative mediums such as carved stucco over the walls of various buildings in Marinid and Nasrid architecture, eventually becoming a standard feature in the western Islamic ornamental repertoire, often in combination with arabesque elements.[3][4]
George Marçais, an important 20th-century scholar on the architecture of the region, argues that this motif originated with the complex interlacing arches in the 10th-century extension of the Great Mosque of Cordoba by Caliph al-Hakam II.[4]: 257–258 It was then miniaturized and widened into a repeating net-like pattern that can cover surfaces. This motif, in turn, had many detailed variations. One common version, called darj wa ktaf ("step and shoulder") by Moroccan craftsmen, makes use of alternating straight and curved lines which cross each other on their symmetrical axes, forming a motif that repeats shapes resembling roughly a khamsa, fleur-de-lis, or palmette.[4]: 232 [3]: 32 Another version, also commonly found on minarets in alternation with the darj wa ktaf, consists of interlacing multifoil/polylobed arches to form a more rounded lobed shape.[3]: 32, 34
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The interlacing arches in the Great Mosque of Cordoba, in Spain, dating from the 10th century and believed by some scholars to be the origin of the sebka motif -
An old example of the sebka pattern or interlacing arch motif in the Almohad-era Patio del Yeso in the Alcazar of Seville, Spain -
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Another common variation on the sebka motif, with round lobed shapes, on one of the facades of the minaret of the Kasbah Mosque in Marrakesh, Morocco -
Another variation on the sebka motif on the minaret of the Bou Inania Madrasa in Fes, Morocco -
Sebka motif filled with arabesques in the carved stucco decoration of the Cuarto Real de Santo Domingo in Granada, Spain -
Darj wa ktaf motif on Bab Mansour in Meknes, Morocco
References
edit- ^ Dodds, Jerrilynn D., ed. (1992). Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 0870996371.
- ^ M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Granada". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309911.
- ^ a b c Parker, Richard (1981). A practical guide to Islamic Monuments in Morocco. Charlottesville, VA: The Baraka Press.
- ^ a b c Marçais, Georges (1954). L'architecture musulmane d'Occident. Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques.