Aquilegia atrata, the dark columbine, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to the Alps and Apennine Mountains.
| Aquilegia atrata | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Ranunculaceae |
| Genus: | Aquilegia |
| Species: | A. atrata
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| Binomial name | |
| Aquilegia atrata | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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List
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Description
editAs the common name suggests the species typically, but not always, has dark flowers, either brown, purple or wine-colored. At around 60 cm (24 in) in height,[3] it is smaller than the similar but more widespread species Aquilegia vulgaris, with stamens protruding farther from the flower.[4]
Taxonomy
editThe specific name atrata is Latin for "blackened" or "darkened", referring to the dark-coloured flowers. It is a currently accepted species in the Aquilegia vulgaris complex, but is not genetically distinguishable from the other members of the complex.[5]
Distribution and habitat
editThe species is native to mountainous areas of Germany, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Slovakia, France, Italy, and Slovenia,[6] and has been introduced to the Czech Republic[7] and Russia (western Siberia).[8] It grows in alpine and subalpine habitats in rocky limestone areas and beech, silver fir, and Scots pine forests.[7]
Ecology
editAquilegia atrata flowers from June to July.[4] The larvae of the columbine sawfly Pristiphora rufipes have been recorded feeding on the plant.[9]
Conservation
editAquilegia atrata has not been evaluated for the IUCN Red List.[1] It is fully protected in the Swiss cantons of Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, and Obwalden, and partially protected in Bern and St. Gallen.[4]
References
edit- ^ a b "Aquilegia". IUCN Red List. 2024. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
- ^ "Aquilegia atrata W.D.J.Koch". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
- ^ "Aquilegia atrata". RHS. Royal Horticultural Society. 2024. Retrieved October 18, 2024.
- ^ a b c "Aquilegia atrata W. D. J. Koch". Info Flora. 2024. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
- ^ Fior, Simone; Li, Mingai; Oxelman, Bengt; Viola, Roberto; Hodges, Scott A.; Ometto, Lino; Varotto, Claudio (2013). "Spatiotemporal reconstruction of the Aquilegia rapid radiation through next-generation sequencing of rapidly evolving cpDNA regions". New Phytologist. 198 (2): 579–592. doi:10.1111/nph.12163. PMID 23379348.
- ^ "Aquilegia atrata Koch". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
- ^ a b "Aquilegia atrata Koch". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. GBIF Secretariat. 2023. Retrieved October 18, 2024.
- ^ Byalt, V. V.; Egorov, A. A.; Pismarkina, E. V.; Galanina, O. V. (February 2020). "Additions to the flora of northern Asia: alien vascular plant records in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District (Russia)". Check List. 16 (1): 137–153. doi:10.15560/16.1.137.
- ^ Liston, A. D. (28 January 2011). "New hostplant records for European sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)" (PDF). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 146: 189–193.