Make Money Fast (stylised as MAKE.MONEY.FAST) is a title of an electronically forwarded chain letter created in 1988 which became so infamous that the term is often used to describe all sorts of chain letters forwarded over the Internet, by e-mail spam, or in Usenet newsgroups. In anti-spammer slang, the name is often abbreviated "MMF".
History
The original "Make Money Fast" letter was written around 1988 by a person who used the name Dave Rhodes. Biographical details are not certain, and it is not clear if this was even the person's actual name. The letter encouraged readers of the email to forward one dollar in cash to a list of people provided in the text, and to add their own name and address to the bottom of the list after deleting the name and address at the top.[1] Using the theory behind pyramid schemes, the resulting chain of money flowing back and forth would supposedly deliver a reward of thousands of dollars to the ones participating in the chain, as copies of their chain spread and more and more people sent one dollar to their address.
According to the FAQ of the net.legends Usenet news group, Dave Rhodes was a student at Columbia Union College (now Washington Adventist University), a Seventh-day Adventist college in Maryland, who wrote the letter and uploaded it as a text file to a nearby BBS around 1987.[2] The earliest posting to Usenet was posted by a David Walton in 1989, also using a Columbia Union College account. Walton referred to himself as, "BIZMAN DAVE THE MODEM SLAVE", and referred to "Dave Rhodes" in his post.[3] The true identity of Dave Rhodes has not been found. A supposed self-published web site by Dave Rhodes was found to be fake.[4][5]
The scam was forwarded over e-mail and Usenet. By 1994 "Make Money Fast" became one of the most persistent spams with multiple variations.[6][7] The chain letters follow a rigidly predefined format or template with minor variations (such as claiming to be from a retired lawyer or claiming to be selling "reports" in order to attempt to make the scheme appear lawful). They quickly became repetitive, causing them to be bait for widespread satire or parody. One widespread parody begins with the subject of, "GET.ARRESTED.FAST" and the line, "Hi, I'm Dave Rhodes, and I'm in jail".[8] Another parody sent around in academic circles is, "Make Tenure Fast", substituting the sending of money to individuals on a list with listing journal citations.[9]
Legality
The text of the letter originally claimed this practice is "perfectly legal", citing Title 18, Sections 1302 & 1341 of the postal lottery laws.[1] The U.S. Postal Inspection Service cites Title 18, United States Code, Section 1302 when it asserts the illegality of chain letters, including the "Make Money Fast" scheme:[10]
There's at least one problem with chain letters. They're illegal if they request money or other items of value and promise a substantial return to the participants. Chain letters are a form of gambling, and sending them through the mail (or delivering them in person or by computer, but mailing money to participate) violates Title 18, United States Code, Section 1302, the Postal Lottery Statute (Chain letters that ask for items of minor value, like picture postcards or recipes, may be mailed, since such items are not things of value within the meaning of the law).
It also asserts that, "Regardless of what technology is used to advance the scheme, if the mail is used at any step along the way, it is still illegal."[10] The U.S. Postal Inspection Service asserts the mathematical impossibility that all participants will be winners, as well as the possibilities that participants may fail to send money to the first person listed, and the perpetrator may have been listed multiple times under different addresses and names, thus ensuring that all the money goes to the same person.[10]
In recent years, one avenue that spammers have used to circumvent the postal laws, is to conduct business by non-postal routes, such as sending an email message and instructing recipients to send money via electronic services such as PayPal. While the specific laws mentioned above will only be violated if regular postal mail is used at some point during the process of communication,[11] the sending of chain letters is often prohibited by the terms of service and/or user agreements of many email providers, and can result in an account being suspended or revoked.[12][13]
See also
References
- ^ a b Watrous, Donald. "Dave Rhodes chain letter". Personal website at Rutgers University. Retrieved June 15, 2012.
- ^ DeLaney, David. "net.legends FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)". www.faqs.org. Retrieved June 15, 2012.
- ^ Walton, David. "A Great Money Maker - Scientifically Proven". Usenet (archive provided by Google). Retrieved June 20, 2012.
- ^ Levene, Tony (March 28, 2003). "Will the real David Rhodes stand up?". The Guardian. Retrieved June 15, 2012.
The article states that Purvis died in 1955, while Wikipedia's article on Melvin Purvis places the year of his death at 1960.
- ^ Rhodes, Dave (alleged). "Dave Rhodes' Web Site". Archived from the original on June 18, 2004. Retrieved June 18, 2004.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Rudnitskaya, Alena (2009). The Concept of Spam in Email Communications. GRIN Verlag. p. 6. ISBN 978-3640401574.
- ^ Gil, Paul. "The Top 10 Internet/Email Scams". About.com. Archived from the original on November 3, 2015. Retrieved June 15, 2012.
- ^ Christian, Ronald O. (May 1996). "Dave Rhodes (or get.arrested.fast)". Ariel Computing Pty. Ltd. Retrieved June 15, 2012.
- ^ DeMers, David (February 16, 1999). "Make Tenure Fast". New York Times. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Chain Letters". United States Postal Inspection Service. Archived from the original on May 8, 2012. Retrieved June 15, 2012.
- ^ Mikkelson, Barbara & David P. (5 May 2005). "Chain Letters". Snopes. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
- ^ "Security: Phishing and Spam". University of Arkansas. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
- ^ "Gmail Program Policies". Retrieved June 16, 2012.