The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad's Haines City Branch was a railroad line running from their main line in Haines City, Florida south through southern Central Florida. The line notably ran through Lake Wales, Avon Park, Sebring, and Immokalee and would stretch as far south as Everglades City upon its completion in 1928. Everglades City would be the southernmost point the entire Atlantic Coast Line Railroad system would ever reach. The Haines City Branch was one of the Atlantic Coast Line's major additions to its Florida network, much of which was previously part of the Plant System.[1]
| Haines City Branch | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
 US 17/92 passing under what remains of the Haines City Branch in Haines City. The structure once held multiple tracks but today only carries the one remaining track and a multi-use path. | |||
| Overview | |||
| Status | Some segments are still operating | ||
| Owner | Atlantic Coast Line Railroad | ||
| Locale | Central Florida | ||
| Technical | |||
| Line length | 167.9 mi (270.2 km) | ||
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge | ||
| Electrification | No | ||
| Signalling | None | ||
| |||
History
editThe Atlantic Coast Line Railroad began construction on the Haines City Branch in 1910, with its initial route running from the main line in Haines City south 47 miles to Sebring. This segment would be complete in June 1912 and served many vegetable and citrus growers.[2]
In 1916, the Atlantic Coast Line made plans to extend the branch further south to Immokalee. Construction began that year with track reaching the Caloosahatchee River at Ortona by April 1918. This project also included a branch from Harrisburg, just south of Palmdale, to Moore Haven which was completed around the same time. Harrisburg was named after the Harris track-laying machine used to construct the line. The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad would then charter the Moore Haven & Clewiston Railway to extend the Moore Haven Branch southeast a short distance to Clewiston, which would be complete in 1921. The Southern Sugar Corporation (which became the U.S. Sugar Corporation in 1931) would be a major customer on the line in Clewiston and they would also build private branch tracks from the line to their sugar fields.[2]
The Atlantic Coast Line would extended the line one last time in 1929 to the Miami Canal in Lake Harbor to connect with the Florida East Coast Railway's Kissimmee Valley Line. A spur south and east to Okeelanta would also be built.[2]
In 1919, construction resumed on the main route from Ortona south. Track was built from Ortona south across the Caloosahatchee River through Goodno, Sears, and Felda to Immokalee. The first train to Immokalee arrived on October 16, 1921.[2] In later years, the line from Harrisburg to Immokalee was known as the Immokalee Branch on employee timetables.[3]
Shortly after service to Immokalee began, the Atlantic Coast Line's President Henry Walters authorized one last extension of the line south to Everglades City. The Atlantic Coast Line accomplished this extension by purchasing the Deep Lake Railroad from entrepreneur Barron Collier, the namesake of Collier County. The Deep Lake Railroad was originally built in 1913 by Walter Langford and John Roach, who operated a grapefruit grove near Deep Lake. The line was used to transport grapefruit south to Everglades City to be sold and shipped. In 1921, Collier purchased the line and grapefruit groves and also used the line to transport pine and cypress logs to a sawmill he operated in Everglades City.[4] After the Atlantic Coast Line acquired the Deep Lake Railroad, they rebuilt it to their standards and extended track south from Immokalee to Deep Lake. The line was completed in 1928 and a passenger depot was built in Everglades City (known then as simply Everglades), which would be the farthest south the Atlantic Coast Line would ever reach.[2][4]
In 1925, the Atlantic Coast Line would lose its monopoly in communities on the northern half of the Haines City Branch when the Atlantic Coast Line's competitor, the Seaboard Air Line Railroad, built the Florida Western and Northern Railroad through Auburndale, West Lake Wales, Avon Park, and Sebring. The Seaboard line paralleled the Haines City Branch to the west through much of southern Central Florida, and the lines crossed each other just south of Avon Park.[5][1]
By 1949, the line was relatively busy with the Atlantic Coast Line running a daily local passenger train from Haines City to Clewiston. A daily local freight train also ran from Haines City to Lake Harbor, and two additional freight trains ran six days a week from Haines City to Sebring. In addition, a mixed train (both passengers and freight) ran six days a week from Palmdale to Immokalee and Everglades City.[3] In 1958, service to Everglades City was discontinued due to diminished traffic and track was removed between there and Copeland. By 1961, track was removed between Copeland and Sunniland.[2]
The Atlantic Coast Line and Seaboard Air Line Railroads would merge in 1967, with the merged company being named the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad. The Seaboard Coast Line ended up using the former Seaboard Air Line track in the combined network as the main route through the area. The Haines City Branch would then be broken up into smaller branches of the Seaboard line. Track was removed between Waverly and Lake Wales, between Frostproof and Avon Park (with a short piece of the line remaining as a spur), and between the Avon Park spur and Sebring (which eliminated the crossing of the two lines). The Seaboard Coast Line would then operate the north end of the line as their Haines City Subdivision from Haines City to Waverly. Track from Lake Wales to Frostproof became part of the Lake Wales Subdivision. Remaining track south of Sebring to Lake Harbor became the Sebring Subdivision, and track from Harrisburg to Immokalee became the Immokalee Subdivision.[6]
In 1980, the Seaboard Coast Line's parent company merged with the Chessie System, creating the CSX Corporation. The CSX Corporation initially operated the Chessie and Seaboard Systems separately until 1986, when they were merged into CSX Transportation. By 1982, the company removed track from south of Haines City to Waverly, as well as track from Immokalee to Sunniland.[7] The rest of the Immokalee Subdivision was abandoned in 1989.
Current conditions
edit
Despite parts of the Haines City Branch being abandoned, some segments remain in service. At the north end, the line remains within Haines City but is now serves as an industrial spur off of CSX's A Line (the former Atlantic Coast Line main line).[8] The line remains grade separated through downtown Haines City, owing to how busy the line was in its earlier days.[9]
From Lake Wales to Frostproof, the line is still in service and is now operated by the Florida Midland Railroad, a shortline that took over the line in 1987. This segment is now connected to the Auburndale Subdivision via a former Seaboard Air Line track from West Lake Wales to Lake Wales.
The short industrial spur in Avon Park is still in service that now branches off the Auburndale Subdivision (former Seaboard line).
The remaining track from Sebring to Clewiston and Lake Harbor also remains in service. U.S. Sugar, who has historically been a major customer on that part line for its entire history, bought it in 1994 and established its own shortline, the South Central Florida Express, Inc., who continues to operate it today.
State Road 29 continues to run very close to the former right of way between Immokalee and Everglades City.[10]
Historic stations
edit
| Milepost | City/Location | Station[2][11] | Image | Opening date | Connections and notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AVC 828.5 | Haines City | Haines City | 
|
1912 | station located on the main line junction with Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Main Line |
| AVC 828.9 | New Yard | ||||
| AVC 833.8 | Lake Hamilton | Lake Hamilton | 
|
||
| AVC 835.7 | Dundee | Dundee | 
|
||
| AVC 838.5 | Waverly | Waverly | |||
| AVC 840.1 | Mountain Lake | Mountain Lake | |||
| AVC 843.3 | Lake Wales | Lake Wales | 
|
junction with Seaboard Air Line Railroad Valrico Subdivision | |
| AVC 845.2 | Highland Park | Highland Park | |||
| AVC 849.8 | Babson Park | Babson Park | |||
| AVC 856.7 | Frostproof | Frostproof | 
|
||
| AVC 861.3 | Neilson | ||||
| AVC 863.4 | Pittsburg | Pittsburg | |||
| AVC 867.4 | Avon Park | Avon Park | 
|
||
| AVC 869.0 | Tulane | junction with Seaboard Air Line Railroad Miami Subdivision | |||
| AVC 875.5 | Sebring | Sebring | |||
| AVC 879.8 | Desoto City | 1918 | |||
| AVC 884.6 | Istokpoga | ||||
| AVC 892.0 | Lake Placid | Lake Placid | 
|
||
| AVC 897.9 | Childs | ||||
| AVC 902.7 | Hicoria | ||||
| AVC 908.8 | Venus | ||||
| AVC 918.6 | Palmdale | Palmdale | 
|
||
| AVC 919.7 | Harrisburg | junction with branch to Lake Harbor | |||
| AVC 923.4 | Hall City | ||||
| AVC 926.7 | Ortona | Ortona | |||
| AVC 929.5 | Goodno | 1921 | |||
| AVC 939.3 | Sears | ||||
| AVC 942.7 | Keri | ||||
| AVC 947.6 | Felda | ||||
| AVC 955.0 | Immokalee | Immokalee | 
|
||
| AVC 957.9 | Bunker Hill | 1928 | |||
| AVC 962.1 | Harker | Harker | |||
| AVC 967.9 | Sunniland | ||||
| AVC 975.7 | Miles City | Miles City | |||
| AVC 983.3 | Deep Lake | Deep Lake | |||
| AVC 990.0 | Copeland | Copeland | |||
| AVC 992.4 | Carnestown | Carnestown | |||
| AVC 996.4 | Everglades City | Everglades | 
|
| Milepost | City/Location | Station | Image | Opening date | Connections and notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AVD 919.7 | Harrisburg | 1918 | junction with main route | ||
| AVD 929.5 | Muckway | ||||
| AVD 933.8 | Moore Haven | Moore Haven | 
|
||
| AVD 937.4 | Gramlin | 1921 | |||
| AVD 937.8 | Benbow | ||||
| AVD 941.5 | Liberty Point | ||||
| AVD 943.0 | Shawnee | ||||
| AVD 944.9 | Sugarton | ||||
| AVD 947.9 | Clewiston | Clewiston | 
|
||
| AVD 949.5 | Sugar Junction | 1929 | Wye to Clewiston Yard and U.S. Sugar mill | ||
| AVD 953.7 | Keela | ||||
| AVD 957.7 | Lake Harbor | Lake Harbor | junction with Florida East Coast Railway Lake Harbor Branch |
References
edit- ^ a b Turner, Gregg (2003). A Short History of Florida Railroads. Arcadia Publishing.
- ^ a b c d e f g Turner, Gregg M. (December 1, 1999). Railroads of Southwest Florida. Images of America. Arcadia Publishing.
- ^ a b Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Southern Division Timetable (1949)
- ^ a b "Deep Lake - Depth of Water & History". National Park Service. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
- ^ "ACL Haines City Branch". Tampa Bay Trains. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
- ^ Seaboard Coast Line Railroad Jacksonville Division and Tampa Division Timetable (1977)
- ^ Seaboard Coast Line Railroad Jacksonville Division and Tampa Division Timetable (1982)
- ^ "Geographic Information System". Federal Railroad Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
- ^ Harmon, Danny (29 April 2009). "Railfanning Lacoochee & Haines City". YouTube. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
- ^ "Harrisburg to Everglades City". Abandoned Rails. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
- ^ "Florida Railroads: Passenger Stations & Stops" (PDF). Jim Fergusson's Railway and Tramway Station Lists (Florida). Retrieved 5 June 2020.