Deltaretrovirus

Deltaretrovirus
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Riboviria
Kingdom:	Pararnavirae
Phylum:	Artverviricota
Class:	Revtraviricetes
Order:	Ortervirales
Family:	Retroviridae
Subfamily:	Orthoretrovirinae
Genus:	Deltaretrovirus
Species
	Bovine leukemia virus; Primate T-lymphotropic virus 1; Primate T-lymphotropic virus 2; Primate T-lymphotropic virus 3;

Deltaretrovirus is a genus of the Retroviridae family. It consists of exogenous horizontally transmitted viruses found in several groups of mammals. As of 2023^[update], ICTV lists under this genus the Bovine leukemia virus and three species of primate T-lymphotropic virus.

The genus of viruses is known for its propensity to target immune cells and oncogenicity, evident in the names of the four named species.^[1] Infection is usually asymptomatic, but inflammation and cancer can develop over time.^[2]

Classification

Four species are recognized by the ICTV as of 2023:

Two additional PTLVs are known but not recognized: HTLV-4 (South Cameroon, 2005) and STLV-5 (Mac B43 strain, highly divergent PTLV-1).^[3]

In addition, eight endogenous retroviruses identified as Deltaretrovirus are known as of 2019. Two of these were complete enough to show ORFs; the rest only showing long terminal repeats.^[1]

Hosts

Known exogenous deltaretroviruses infect cattle and primates.^[1]

The two complete endogenous ones were found in bats and dolphins; the others in Solenodon, mongoose, and fossa. These endogenous examples fill in the large gap in the host range.^[1]

Clinical relevance

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hron, T; Elleder, D; Gifford, RJ (27 November 2019). "Deltaretroviruses have circulated since at least the Paleogene and infected a broad range of mammalian species". Retrovirology. 16 (1): 33. doi:10.1186/s12977-019-0495-9. PMC 6882180. PMID 31775783.
^ Farkašová, H; Hron, T; Pačes, J; Hulva, P; Benda, P; Gifford, RJ; Elleder, D (21 March 2017). "Discovery of an endogenous Deltaretrovirus in the genome of long-fingered bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 114 (12): 3145–3150. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.3145F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1621224114. PMC 5373376. PMID 28280099.
^ Mahieux, R; Gessain, A (July 2011). "HTLV-3/STLV-3 and HTLV-4 viruses: discovery, epidemiology, serology and molecular aspects". Viruses. 3 (7): 1074–90. doi:10.3390/v3071074. PMC 3185789. PMID 21994771.

External links

Deltaretrovirus at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Viralzone: Deltaretrovirus

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[pmid31775783-1] Hron, T; Elleder, D; Gifford, RJ (27 November 2019). "Deltaretroviruses have circulated since at least the Paleogene and infected a broad range of mammalian species". Retrovirology. 16 (1): 33. doi:10.1186/s12977-019-0495-9. PMC 6882180. PMID 31775783.

[pmid28280099-2] Farkašová, H; Hron, T; Pačes, J; Hulva, P; Benda, P; Gifford, RJ; Elleder, D (21 March 2017). "Discovery of an endogenous Deltaretrovirus in the genome of long-fingered bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 114 (12): 3145–3150. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.3145F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1621224114. PMC 5373376. PMID 28280099.

[pmid21994771-3] Mahieux, R; Gessain, A (July 2011). "HTLV-3/STLV-3 and HTLV-4 viruses: discovery, epidemiology, serology and molecular aspects". Viruses. 3 (7): 1074–90. doi:10.3390/v3071074. PMC 3185789. PMID 21994771.

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