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Democratic Liberal Party (Romania)

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The Democratic Liberal Party (Romanian: Partidul Democrat-Liberal, PDL) was a liberal-conservative[2][3] political party in Romania. The party was formed on 15 December 2007, when the Democratic Party (PD) merged with the Liberal Democratic Party (PLD). On 17 November 2014 the PDL officially merged into the National Liberal Party (PNL), ceasing to exist.[11][12] The PDL was associated with Traian Băsescu, who was previously leader of the PD and President of Romania from 2004 to 2014.

Democratic Liberal Party
Partidul Democrat-Liberal
President
Founded15 December 2007
Dissolved17 November 2014
Merger ofDemocratic Party &
Liberal Democratic Party
Merged intoNational Liberal Party
(major faction)
Succeeded byPeople's Movement Party (minor faction)
HeadquartersAleea Modrogan, 1
Bucharest
Membership (2014)218,013[1]
Ideology
Political positionCentre-right[9][10]
National affiliationRight Romania Alliance (2012)
Christian Liberal Alliance (2014)
European affiliationEuropean People's Party
European Parliament groupEuropean People's Party
International affiliationCentrist Democrat International
ColoursOrange and Blue
Website
web.archive.org/web/20100218141220/http://www.pdl.org.ro

History

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Background

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Further information: National Salvation Front (Romania) and Democratic Party (Romania)

The PDL traces its roots in the National Salvation Front (FSN), the governing body which, under the leadership of Ion Iliescu, seized power during the Romanian Revolution of 1989 which ended the previous 42 year-long Communist regime in Romania.[13] Conflicts broke out between FSN leaders Ion Iliescu and Petre Roman in early 1992, and this led to the separation of the Iliescu wing under the name of Democratic National Salvation Front (FDSN), which later became the Social Democratic Party (PSD).[14]

In 1993, the FSN was renamed Democratic Party (PD)[15] and distanced itself from its social-democratic roots to gradually become a centre-right party, whose ideology was transmitted to the PDL.

In advance of the 2004 general election, the PD joined forces with the National Liberal Party (PNL) to create the Justice and Truth Alliance (DA), whose main purpose was to oppose the governing Social Democratic Party (PSD).

Foundation

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From mid 2005, the PD's relations with the PNL also became strained. On 15 December 2007, the PD merged into the new Democratic Liberal Party (PDL) along with the Liberal Democratic Party (PLD), a splinter group from the PNL which was led by Theodor Stolojan. The PLD approved the merger in a party congress with 933 votes in favour, six abstentions, and one against.[16]

The PDL still kept the social-democratic rose as its symbol, as a memory of PD's left-wing past.[17][18][19]

Government of Emil Boc (2008–2012) and Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu

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At the 2008 legislative election, the PDL won the most seats in chambers and formed a new government coalition with the PSD. The two parties fell out in 2009 and the government was replaced by another one including the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR) and the National Union for the Progress of Romania (UNPR).

Later, in 2012, due to massive street protests, Prime Minister Emil Boc resigned and president Traian Băsescu appointed the independent Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu, former SIE commander, to form a new cabinet which was invested by a vote in Parliament in February 2012. After a two-month parliamentary protest, the opposition managed to pass a motion of no confidence on the 5 May 2012, sending the PDL in opposition. When the government fell, Traian Băsescu consulted the parliamentary parties and decided to nominate PSD leader Victor Ponta as Prime Minister.

2012 local elections

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On 10 June 2012, local elections were held in Romania. The PDL was able to win only two county council presidents (namely in the counties of Arad and Alba) and 10 major city mayors (Cluj-Napoca, Brașov, Arad, Suceava, Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Alba Iulia, Tulcea, Târgu Mureș, Piatra Neamț, and Târgoviște), which represented a crushing defeat, even if the party accqired 27% of Romania's mayors and almost 23% of the county and local councillors.

Because of these results, the then president of PDL, Emil Boc, resigned and called for an early National Convention (congress) of the party, which was held on the 30 June 2012. The Convention elected Vasile Blaga to become the new party president of the PDL and Gheorghe Flutur as secretary-general.

2012 parliamentary elections

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In the run to the parliamentary elections the PDL announced an alliance with the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚ-CD) and Civic Force (FC) to form the Right Romania Alliance (ARD).[20] The alliance was dissolved on 9 December 2013.[21]

Breaking up with Băsescu

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After Băsescu's break with the new president of PD-L, Vasile Blaga,[22] his supporters created the People's Movement Party (PMP) in June 2013.[23] Years later, 2020, Băsescu tried to rename PMP to Democratic-Liberal Party, but he couldn't get PNL's approval for this.[24][25] Basescu joked, saying that "the followers of the Brătianu family should remain in the PNL, and Petre Roman's followers should come to the PMP, alluding to the FSN-related past of the PD-L.[26]

2014 European elections

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In the 2014 European elections, the PDL received 12.2% of the national vote and returned 5 MEPs.[27]

Merger with the National Liberal Party (PNL)

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In late May 2014, the party agreed in principle to a future merger with the National Liberal Party (PNL), and for the two parties to submit a joint candidate for the upcoming 2014 presidential election.[28]

On 17 July 2014 it was announced that the new party formed from a future merger of the PDL and PNL would keep the National Liberal Party name, while being situated in the PDL's existing headquarters in Bucharest and would be registered by the end of 2014.[29] On 26 July 2014, a joint party congress of the PDL and PNL approved the merger.[30] On 28 July 2014 the PDL and PNL formed the Christian Liberal Alliance (ACL) to jointly contest the upcoming presidential election.[31][32] In the first round of the 2014 presidential election held on 2 November 2014, ACL candidate Klaus Iohannis received 30.4% of the vote, coming in second place behind Victor Ponta, the PSD candidate and incumbent Prime Minister.[33] In the runoff election held on 16 November 2014, Iohannis received 54.5% of the vote, becoming the surprise victory of the Romanian presidency.[34][35]

Ideology

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The PDL's ideology is influenced by liberal conservatism and social conservatism. In this respect the party is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and the Centrist Democrat International (IDC–CDI).

The PDL supports a consolidation of the free market and is supportive of Romania's flat-rate income tax of 16%. The party also supports reforming the Romanian Constitution in order to bring about a decentralisation in administration and give greater power to the country's eight development regions.

Founding deputies

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Shortly before the 2008 legislative election the PDL had 69 deputies, of which

  • 38 had been elected on Democratic Party (PD) list: Cristian Rădulescu, Daniel Buda, Valentin Adrian Iliescu, Costică Canacheu, Gheorghe Albu, Gheorghe Barbu, Cornel Ștefan Bardan, Iulian-Gabriel Bîrsan, Anca-Daniela Boagiu, Ionela Bruchental-Pop, Diana Maria Bușoi, Anca Constantinescu, Radu-Cătălin Drăguș, Stelian Duțu, Elena Ehling, Stelian Fuia, Traian Constantin Igaș, Cristian Ilie, Radu Lambrino, Laurențiu Mironescu, Liviu Alexandru Miroșeanu, Alexandru Mocanu, Petru Movilă, Ioan Oltean, Constantin Petrea, Marcel Adrian Piteiu, Corneliu Popescu, Cezar Florin Preda, Ioan Dumitru Puchianu, Marius Rogin, Marcel Laurențiu Romanescu, Valentin Rusu, Petre Străchinaru, Valeriu Tabără, Eugen Constantin Uricec, Mihaela Adriana Vasil, Horia Văsioiu, Iulian Vladu
  • 14 had been elected on National Liberal Party (PNL) list: Marian Sorin Paveliu, Romică Andreica, Cristian Alexandru Boureanu, Dumitru Gheorghe Mircea Coșea, Marian Hoinaru, Mircea Teodor Iustian, Corneliu Momanu, Viorel Oancea, Dumitru Pardău, Gabriel Sandu, Cornel Știrbeț, Raluca Turcan, Petre Ungureanu, Claudius Mihail Zaharia
  • 10 had been elected on Greater Romania Party (PRM) list: Liviu Almășan, William Gabriel Brînză, Bogdan Cantaragiu, Petru Călian, Alexandru Ciocâlteu, Liviu Codîrlă, Daniel Ionescu, Dănuț Liga, Dumitru Puzdrea, Ion Stoica
  • 6 had been elected on Social Democratic Party (PSD) list: Constantin Amarie, Obuf Cătălin Ovidiu Buhăianu, Viorel Constantinescu, Petru Lificiu, Gheorghe Sârb, Constantin Tudor
  • 1 had been elected on Conservative Party (PC) list: Grațiela Denisa Iordache[36]

Leadership of PDL

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  Also served as Prime Minister
  Also served as Senate President
Nº Name
Born - Died 		Portrait Term start Term end Duration
1 Emil Boc
(1966–) 		  15 December 2007 30 June 2012 4 years, 6 months and 15 days
2 Vasile Blaga1
(1956–) 		  30 June 2012 17 November 2014 2 years, 4 months and 18 days

Notable members

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Electoral history

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Legislative elections

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Election Chamber Senate Position Aftermath
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
2008 2,312,358 33.57
115 / 334
 2,228,860 32.36
51 / 137
  1st  PDL-PSD government (2008–2009)
PDL-UNPR-UDMR government (2009–2012)
Opposition to USL government (2012)
2012 1,223,189 16.51
52 / 412
 1,239,318 16.71
22 / 176
  2nd 
(within ARD)1 		Opposition to USL government (2012–2014)
Opposition to PSD-UNPR-UDMR-PC government (2014)
Absorbed by the National Liberal Party (November 2014)

Notes:

1 Right Romania Alliance members: PDL, FC (1 senator and 3 deputies), and PNȚ-CD (1 senator and 1 deputy).

Presidential elections

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Election Candidate First round Second round
Votes Percentage Position Votes Percentage Position
2009 Traian Băsescu 3,153,640
32.4%
  1st  5,275,808
50.3%
  1st 
2014 Klaus Iohannis1 2,881,406
30.3%
  2nd  6,288,769
54.4%
  1st 

Notes:

1 Klaus Iohannis was a member of the PNL, but he was the candidate of the Christian Liberal Alliance (ACL); alliance members: PNL and PDL.

European elections

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Election Votes Percentage Seats Position EU Party EP Group
2009 1,438,000 29.7%
10 / 33
  2nd  EPP EPP Group
2014 680,853 12.2%
5 / 32
  3rd  EPP EPP Group

Notes

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  1. ^ "Precizare ACL privind numarul de membri". 10 September 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  2. ^ a b Bakke, Elisabeth (2010), "Central and East European party systems since 1989", Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989, Cambridge University Press, pp. 78, 80, ISBN 978-1-139-48750-4
  3. ^ a b c Nordsieck, Wolfram (2016). "Romania". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020.
  4. ^ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359057917_Vrem_o_tara_ca_afara_Neoliberalism_alienare_si_auto-colonialism_in_Romania_dupa_aderarea_la_Uniunea_Europeana [bare URL]
  5. ^ "Dreptul neoliberal românesc. Între mituri fundaționale și realitatea precarizarii proprietății individuale în blocurile de locuințe | CriticAtac". 11 December 2023.
  6. ^ "Referendum între populism și mistificare | DW | 02.10.2009". Deutsche Welle.
  7. ^ Adam, Robert (28 November 2018). Doua veacuri de populism romanesc. Humanitas SA. ISBN 9789735063078.
  8. ^ "Elanul populist şi deficitul democratic". 12 December 2011.
  9. ^ Aslund, Anders (2010), The Last Shall Be The First: The East European financial crisis, Peterson Institute for International Economics, p. 39, ISBN 9780881326178
    Jansen, Thomas; Van Hecke, Steven (2011). At Europe's Service: The Origins and Evolution of the European People's Party. Springer. p. 78. ISBN 9783642194146.
  10. ^ Erol Külahci (1 May 2012). Europeanisation and Party Politics: How the EU affects Domestic Actors, Patterns and Systems. ECPR Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-1-907301-22-3.
  11. ^ "PDL, radiat din Registrul partidelor politice. PNL, omorât și reînviat". adevarul.ro. 6 October 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  12. ^ "Alianța Creștin-Liberală desființată oficial. PDL-iștii sunt de astăzi PNL-iști!". Ziarul Unirea. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  13. ^ Roper, p.66
  14. ^ Roper, p.70
  15. ^ Roper, p.79
  16. ^ "Romania's Liberal Democrats Vote Merger With Democrats". Mediafax.ro. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  17. ^ "PDL păstrează în siglă simbolul trandafirului şi renunţă la cratima dintre "PD" şi "L" - surse". Mediafax.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  18. ^ "Sever Voinescu vrea ca PDL sa se numeasca Partidul Popular si sa isi schimbe sigla: Trandafirii sunt simbol socialist - HotNews.ro" (in Romanian). 2010-01-25. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  19. ^ "Folosirea trandafirului socialist in sigla PDL, partid popular-liberal, va fi contestata de PSD in momentul inscrierii". NewsBucovina (in Romanian). 2007-12-07. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  20. ^ "Right Romania Alliance officially launched". Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  21. ^ "First victim of the 2012 local elections: Right Romania Alliance dissolves right after election day". Romania-Insider.com. 2012-12-11. Archived from the original on 2012-12-19. Retrieved 2014-07-16.
  22. ^ "Basescu ever closer to the People's Movement, PDL takes distance from him". 2013-04-09. Archived from the original on 2013-04-09. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  23. ^ "Popular Movement Party (PMP) officially registered". actmedia.eu. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  24. ^ "Traian Băsescu vrea ca PMP să redevină PDL şi anunţă că îi va cere lui Orban să îi cedeze numele fostului partid". Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  25. ^ "PMP vrea să își schimbe denumirea în PDL. Traian Băsescu: "Un partid care merită să existe. Vreau numele înapoi"". Gândul (in Romanian). 2020-08-12. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  26. ^ Pavel, Andreea (2020-08-10). "VIDEO Traian Băsescu vrea ca PMP să redevină PDL și anunță că îi va cere lui Orban să îi cedeze numele fostului partid: "Urmașii Brătienilor să rămână în PNL, urmașii lui Petre Roman să vină în actualul PMP/ Osatura PMP este din foști membri PDL"". G4Media.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  27. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-29. Retrieved 2014-05-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  28. ^ "Romania's largest rightist parties agree on presidential candidate, fusion | Independent Balkan News Agency". Balkaneu.com. 2014-05-29. Retrieved 2014-07-16.
  29. ^ ACTMedia – Romanian Business News. "Name of new party from PDL-PNL merger is PNL". Retrieved 10 June 2015. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  30. ^ "Merger protocol between PNL-PDL, new party statute, approved by joint congress". Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  31. ^ "Romania Opposition Parties Merge Before Elections". 28 July 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  32. ^ "PNL and PDL form the Christian Liberal Alliance". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  33. ^ Ilie, Radu-Sorin Marinas (3 November 2014). "Romania's PM Ponta wins first round of presidential election". Reuters. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  34. ^ "Romania election surprise as Klaus Iohannis wins presidency". BBC News. 17 November 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  35. ^ "Romanians elected Klaus Iohannis their new president for the next five years". Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  36. ^ Chamber of Deputies Accessed online September 10, 2008
  37. ^ "Nicolae Stefanuta - USR - PLUS - Aghiotantul Monicăi Ridzi de la PDL cu un tată traseist cercetat penal pentru corupție". 22 May 2019.

References

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  • Steven D. Roper, Romania: The Unfinished Revolution, Routledge, 2000, ISBN 90-5823-027-9
  • Ioan, Scurtu ș.a., "Enciclopedia partidelor politice din România 1859-2003", Editura Meronia, București, 2003.
  • Florin-Vasile, Șomlea, "Partidele populare din țările Uniunii Europene", Editura Cartimpex, Cluj-Napoca, 2007.
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