Desoxymethyltestosterone (DMT), known by the nicknames Madol and Pheraplex, is a synthetic and orally active anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) and a 17α-methylated derivative of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) which was never marketed for medical use. It was one of the first designer steroids to be marketed as a performance-enhancing drug to athletes and bodybuilders.
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| Other names | DMT; Madol; Pheraplex; 3-Desoxy-17α-methyl-δ2-5α-dihydrotestosterone; 3-Desoxy-17α-methyl-δ2-DHT; 17α-Methyl-5α-androst-2-en-17β-ol; NSC-63329; SC-11977 |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth |
| Drug class | Androgen; Anabolic steroid |
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| Formula | C20H32O |
| Molar mass | 288.475 g·mol−1 |
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Desoxymethyltestosterone is sometimes abbreviated as DMT, though it should not be confused with the hallucinogen dimethyltryptamine, which is also known by the same acronym.
Side effects
editPharmacology
editPharmacodynamics
editIn animal studies, desoxymethyltestosterone has been found to bind to the androgen receptor (AR) about half as strongly as DHT, and to cause side effects that are typical of 17α-alkylated AAS, such as liver damage and left ventricular hypertrophy when taken in higher doses.[2]
Desoxymethyltestosterone is unusual in that it is structurally a 2-ene compound, lacking the 3-keto group present in almost all commercial AAS (with ethylestrenol being a rare and notable exception). This does not mean it is a weak compound, and clinical research has determined that it is a fairly potent oral agent.[2] Rat studies indicate that desoxymethyltestosterone has an anabolic effect 160% that of testosterone while being only 60% as androgenic, giving it a Q ratio of 6.5:1.[3] Because of this favorable ratio, experiments in orchiectomized rats have demonstrated that treatment with desoxymethyltestosterone resulted only in a stimulation of the weight of the levator ani muscle; the prostate and seminal vesicle weights remained unaffected leading the authors of one study to characterize desoxymethyltestosterone as a powerful AAS with attributes of a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) and some indication of toxicity.[2]
Chemistry
editDesoxymethyltestosterone, also known as 3-desoxy-17α-methyl-δ2-5α-dihydrotestosterone (3-desoxy-17α-methyl-δ2-DHT) or as 17α-methyl-5α-androst-2-en-17β-ol, is a synthetic androstane steroid and a 17α-alkylated derivative of dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
History
editDesoxymethyltestosterone was invented in 1961 by Max Huffman who obtained a patent on the compound the same year.[2] It was described in the scientific literature in 1963.[2] However, it was never brought to market as a commercial drug.[4][2] Desoxymethyltestosterone was rediscovered by chemist, AAS enthusiast, and amateur bodybuilder Patrick Arnold in 2005. Arnold produced desoxymethyltestosterone and supplied it to Victor Conte of Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO), an American nutritional supplement company and steroid supplier.[5]
DMT became a controlled substance in the US on January 4, 2010, and is classified as a Schedule III anabolic steroid under the United States Controlled Substances Act along with boldione and dienedione.[6][7][8][9] The substance had come under scrutiny after it was found to be present in several over-the-counter bodybuilding supplements.[10]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Misuse of Drugs Legislation".[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c d e f Diel P, Friedel A, Geyer H, Kamber M, Laudenbach-Leschowsky U, Schänzer W, Thevis M, Vollmer G, Zierau O (2007). "Characterisation of the pharmacological profile of desoxymethyltestosterone (Madol), a steroid misused for doping". Toxicol. Lett. 169 (1): 64–71. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.12.004. PMID 17254722.
- ^ Edwards JA, Bowers A (January 1961). "Delta-2-Hormone Analogues". Chemistry and Industry (48): 1962–63.
- ^ U.S. patent 2,996,524
- ^ "Chemist Who Created "The Clear" Sentenced" (Press release). United States Attorney for the Northern District of California. 2006-08-04. Archived from the original on 2006-10-14. Retrieved 2007-10-08.
- ^ "Rules – 2008 – Classification of Three Steroids as Schedule III Anabolic Steroids Under the Controlled Substances Act". Archived from the original on 2010-01-13. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
- ^ "FR Doc E8-8842". Archived from the original on 2008-05-05. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
- ^ "DEA proposes listing three steroids under Schedule III - Since three steroids have a high potential for drug abuse and trafficking, the Drug Enforcement Administration wants to classify them as Schedu". Archived from the original on 2008-05-02. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
- ^ "Classification of Three Steroids as Schedule III Anabolic Steroids Under the Controlled Substances Act". Archived from the original on 2008-07-06. Retrieved 2008-05-02.
- ^ Okano M, Sato M, Ikekita A, Kageyama S (November 2009). "Analysis of non-ketoic steroids 17alpha-methylepithiostanol and desoxymethyl- testosterone in dietary supplements". Drug Testing and Analysis. 1 (11–12): 518–25. doi:10.1002/dta.72. PMID 20355167.