German National Association of Commercial Employees
The German National Association of Commercial Employees, also known as the German National Union of Commercial Employees (German: Deutschnationaler Handlungsgehilfen-Verband, DHV) was a German nationalist and anti-Semitic labour union founded in Germany in 1893. It had links with the German Social Party, the Pan-German League and the Reich Citizens' Council.[1]
Deutschnationaler Handlungsgehilfen-Verband | |
| Formation | 1893 |
|---|---|
| Dissolved | 1933 |
| Type | Far-right trade union |
| Purpose | Promotion of reactionary politics |
Membership (1932) | 400,000 |
Official language | German |
The DHV was directed against social democracy,[2] had an anti-democratic and anti-liberal ideology and supported the concept of a conservative revolution.[3] It promoted the interests of the merchant class. To prevent the spread of social democratic thoughts, it propagated patriotic and Völkisch mentality.[4] It is considered a proto-fascist or pre-fascist movement,[5] and was vocally anti-feminist.[6] It existed between 1893 and 1933.[7]
By 1914, the DHV had 160,000 members and by 1932 it had over 400,000 members.[8] It cooperated with the Nazi Party and sought to unite Nazism and political Catholicism together.[9]
References
edit- ^ Patch, William L. (1985). Christian Trade Unions in the Weimar republic 19-18-1933: The Failure of "Corporate Pluralism". new Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300033281.
- ^ Joan Campbell. European labor unions. Wesport, Connecticut, USA: Greenwood Press, 1992. pp. 163–164.
- ^ Larry Eugene Jones, James N. Retallack. Between Reform, Reaction, And Resistance: Studies in the History of German Conservatism from 1789 to 1945. Berg, 1993, p. 20.
- ^ Matthew Lange. Antisemitic anticapitalism in German culture from 1850-1933. University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2006, p. 224.
- ^ Peter Davies, Derek Lynch. The Routledge companion to fascism and the far right. London, England; New York, New York, USA: Routledge, p. 4.
- ^ Guido, Diane J. (2010). The German League for the Prevention of Women's Emancipation: Anti-Feminism in Germany, 1912-1920. Peter Lang. p. 57. ISBN 9781433107849.
- ^ Matthew Lange. Antisemitic anticapitalism in German culture from 1850-1933. University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2006. pp. 224.
- ^ Joan Campbell. European labor unions. Wesport, Connecticut, USA: Greenwood Press, 1992, p. 164.
- ^ Joan Campbell. European labor unions. Wesport, Connecticut, USA: Greenwood Press, 1992. pp. 163–164.