Di'anmen (traditional Chinese: 地安門; simplified Chinese: 地安门), previously Bei'anmen (and commonly known as the "back gate"), was an imperial gate in Beijing, China. The gate was first built in the Yongle period of the Ming dynasty, and served as the main northern gate to the Imperial City (the southern gate is the much more famed Tiananmen). The gate was located north of Jingshan Park and south of the Drum Tower. The gate was demolished in 1954. Efforts to restore it have been under way since 2013.
| Di'anmen | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 A wider image of Di'anmen gate leading up to Forbidden City. 1924-1927 | |||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 地安門 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 地安门 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Gate of Earthly Peace | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Beianmen | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 北安門 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 北安门 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Manchu name | |||||||||
| Manchu script | ᠨᠠᡳ ᡝᠯᡥᡝ ᠣᠪᡠᡵᡝ ᡩᡠᡴᠠ | ||||||||
| Möllendorff | nai elhe obure duka | ||||||||
39°56′00″N 116°23′47″E / 39.9334°N 116.3963°E
History
edit
Di'anmen was built in 1420 during the eighteenth year of the Ming Dynasty, it was originally known as Bei'anmen (北安门). In 1651 (eight year of Shunzhi) during the Qing Dynasty, Bei'anmen was changed to Di'anmen (地安门). It was rebuilt in 1652 (ninth year of Shunzhi). The building overall is a palace gate style brick and wood structure, with seven wide faces, three central rooms for passages and 2 duty rooms on the left and right, this structure is exactly the same as the Xi'anmen. [1][2]
During the Republic of China in 1913 and 1923, in order to facilitate transportation, the imperial walls on the east and west side of Di'anmen were demolished.[3]
During the early years of the People's Republic of China (from the end of 1954 to February 1955), in order to improve road traffic, both the Di'anmen Gate and the Yanchi Tower were demolished.[1][2]
In 1955, some celebrities question the demolition of Di'anmen so the relevant departments numbered the doors, windows, pillars, beams, purlins and other components obtained from the demolition of Di'anmen, and transported them to the Temple of Heaven, together with bricks, stones and glazed tiles, and was planned to rebuild the Di'anmen and Yanchi Tower on the north side of the Temple of Heaven. However this was plan was stopped after a fire in the Temple of Heaven had burnt down the wooden components of the Di'anmen and Yanchi Tower.[4] The materials obtained from the demolition were later used to build the north gate of the Temple of Heaven.[1][2]
In 2004, Wang Canchi, a member of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Chinese formally submitted a proposal to the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference regarding the restoration of Di'anmen. [5]
In 2005, several literary historians proposed the restoration of Di'anmen and Yanyi Towers. In 2011, the Beijing Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage launched the Central Axis Cultural Relics Protection Project, planning to restore the Yanchi tower and Di'anmen, but however no construction started. In 2012, Beijing had launched the "Restoration Project of Landmark Historic Buildings in Famous Cities", which included restoration of the Yanchi Tower and Di'anmen . On May 16, 2013, the restoration project of the Yanchi tower, Di'anmen started. In August 2014, the main project of the Yanchi Tower, Di'anmen was completed. [4][6]
Yanchi Towers
editThe Yanchi towers (simplified Chinese: 雁翅楼; traditional Chinese: 雁翅樓; pinyin: yànchìlóu) was originally on the east and west side of the Di'anmen Inner Street in Di'anmen. [1][2] The two Towers that were built at the same time as Di'anmen was originally for the offices for three banners of the Internal Affairs Office as well as functioning as a guard post of the imperial city. In 1924, some eunuchs temporarily lived in the Yanchi Tower when Emperor Puyi was expelled from the Forbidden City. Both Towers are of brick-and-concrete, covered with yellow glazed tiles, with each building covering about , In 1954, the two Towers were demolished at the same time.[6][7][4]
From 2013 to 2014, the restoration of the Yanchi towers was carried out. However due to the impact of the demolition of Di'anmen gate and the construction and expansion of the roads, the New Yanchi tower could not be in the same architectural style as the original, with only 4 rooms from south to north of the east wing and 10 on the west wing could be restored. To distinguish it from the original, in the plan part of the original hilltop roof was to be changed to a hanging hilltop roof and as well as a sign to explain this. [6][7]
After its reconstruction, the Yanchi tower has 4 buildings in its east wing and 10 in the west. The total construction area is 1041 square meters, with each room being 4.66 meters long, with an area of about approximately 30 square meters. Its exterior is mainly red with green tiles on the roof, with the bottom of the tiles painted with peonies, auspicious clouds and other patterns. The interior of the tower is mainly yellow. As of August 2014, the rooms are connected and only have pillars and have not yet become independent rooms. The two towers are each preceded by two yards of a 10 rooms in length, surrounding the Yanchi towers.[4]
In popular culture
editChen Sheng's "One Night in Beijing": The songs inspiration comes from when Chen Sheng (also known as Bobby Chen) was wandering around Di'anmen whilst drunk. The song itself is about a poignant love story of Di'anmen during the Han–Xiongnu War.[8]
See also
editTiananmen - the other Gate
References
edit- ^ a b c d "皇城地安门". 数字东城. Archived from the original on 2011-05-01.
- ^ a b c d "老北京城的皇城城门". 北京网. Archived from the original on 2009-04-28.
- ^ "北京地按门雁翅楼年内复建". 中国新闻网.
- ^ a b c d "复建雁翅楼 主体完工". 法制晚报. Archived from the original on 2014-10-06.
- ^ "当年提议重要永定门委员提议复建地安门". 网易. Archived from the original on 2012-01-07.
- ^ a b c "地安门雁翅原址开工复建". 安微广播网. Archived from the original on 2014-10-06.
- ^ a b "传承老街历史". 北京日报. Archived from the original on 2014-10-06.
- ^ "北京人为什么怕走到地安门".