List of disputed issues in early Islamic history

There are a number of uncertainties and disputed issues in the early history of Islam.^[a]

Most of these disputes can be traced to Shi'a-Sunni disagreements. Shi'a often argue that history has been distorted to further a Banu Umayyad agenda.^[4] In many cases, complications with the historiography of early Islam have also resulted in lack of consensus within denominations of Islam.

List of disputed issues

The uncertainties include:

Succession to Muhammad
The date of birth of Muhammad^[5]
The date of Muhammad's death^[5]
The age at which Khadija married Muhammad (25–40 years)^[6]^[7]
The date of birth of Fatimah (±10 years)^[8]^[9]
The marriage in which three of Khadija's three daughters were born^[10]
The number of marriages Khadija was in before marrying Muhammad ^{[citation needed]}
The prohibition of Nikah Mut'ah^{[citation needed]}
Date of birth of Aisha^{[citation needed]}
Identity of the second wife of Muhammad (Sawda bint Zamʿa or Aisha)^{[citation needed]}
Disputes over the identity of the "Umm Khulthum" that married Umar (bint Ali, Bint Abu Bakr or a third)^{[citation needed]}
The existence of Fatimah's third son, Muhsin ibn Ali^{[citation needed]}
The ultimate faith of Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib.
Mohammad's inheritance and the dispute on the land of Fadak & Khaybar
Burial place of Fatimah^{[citation needed]}
Whether the night ascension (Miʿraj) was a physical journey or a spiritual one.

Notes

^ Islam started with Muhammad. Muslims believe that Islam did not start with him, but that it represents even previous Prophets, such as Jesus, David, Moses, Abraham, Noah and Adam.^[1]^[2]^[3]

References

^ Esposito, John (1998). Islam: The Straight Path (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 9, 12. ISBN 978-0-19-511234-4.
^ Esposito (2002b), pp. 4–5.
^ Peters, F.E. (2003). Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians. Princeton University Press. p. 9. ISBN 0-691-11553-2.
^ Some 20th-century Shia scholars have protested the conversion of history into mythology. Prominent critics include: Morteza Motahhari (Meaning of 'Ashura: Misrepresentations & Distortions, 'Ashura - History and Popular Legend and 'Ashura - Misrepresentations and Distortions Archived November 14, 2005, at the Wayback Machine), Abbas Qomi, author of Nafas al-Mahmoum (Nafasul Mahmoom), and Sayyid Abd-al-Razzaq Al-Muqarram, author of Maqtalul-Husayn (Ḥusayn Ibn ʿAlī, Al, Encyclopedia of Religion)
^ ^a ^b The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity by Scott Fitzgerald Johnson (edited). "The historical Muhammad and the Qur'an".
^ "Khadija's age at the Time of her Marriage with the Prophet: 40 or 28?". 2016-03-17. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
^ "Khadijah, Daughter of Khuwaylid, Wife of Prophet Muhammad". 2013-01-20. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
^ Fatima ['a] The Gracious http://www.al-islam.org/gracious/7.htm
^ There are differences of opinion on the exact date of her birth, but the widely accepted view is that she was born five years before the first Quranic revelations, during the time of the rebuilding of the Kaaba in 605, although this does imply she was over 18 at the time of her marriage, which was unusual in Arabia.(See MSN Encarta article on Fatimah Archived 2007-09-02 at the Wayback Machine and Encyclopædia Britannica) Twelver Shia sources, however, state that she was born either two or five years after the first Qur'anic revelations, but that timeline would imply her mother was over fifty at the time of her birth.
^ For more, see Genealogy of Khadija's daughters.

External links

Early Troubles in Muslim History, Shia articles at shiabook.blogspot

[4] Islam started with Muhammad. Muslims believe that Islam did not start with him, but that it represents even previous Prophets, such as Jesus, David, Moses, Abraham, Noah and Adam.^[1]^[2]^[3]

[Esposito1998-1] Esposito, John (1998). Islam: The Straight Path (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 9, 12. ISBN 978-0-19-511234-4.

[Esposito2002b-2] Esposito (2002b), pp. 4–5.

[Peters2003-3] Peters, F.E. (2003). Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians. Princeton University Press. p. 9. ISBN 0-691-11553-2.

[5] Some 20th-century Shia scholars have protested the conversion of history into mythology. Prominent critics include: Morteza Motahhari (Meaning of 'Ashura: Misrepresentations & Distortions, 'Ashura - History and Popular Legend and 'Ashura - Misrepresentations and Distortions Archived November 14, 2005, at the Wayback Machine), Abbas Qomi, author of Nafas al-Mahmoum (Nafasul Mahmoom), and Sayyid Abd-al-Razzaq Al-Muqarram, author of Maqtalul-Husayn (Ḥusayn Ibn ʿAlī, Al, Encyclopedia of Religion)

[OHoLA-6] The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity by Scott Fitzgerald Johnson (edited). "The historical Muhammad and the Qur'an".

[7] "Khadija's age at the Time of her Marriage with the Prophet: 40 or 28?". 2016-03-17. Retrieved 26 January 2017.

[8] "Khadijah, Daughter of Khuwaylid, Wife of Prophet Muhammad". 2013-01-20. Retrieved 26 January 2017.

[9] Fatima ['a] The Gracious http://www.al-islam.org/gracious/7.htm

[10] There are differences of opinion on the exact date of her birth, but the widely accepted view is that she was born five years before the first Quranic revelations, during the time of the rebuilding of the Kaaba in 605, although this does imply she was over 18 at the time of her marriage, which was unusual in Arabia.(See MSN Encarta article on Fatimah Archived 2007-09-02 at the Wayback Machine and Encyclopædia Britannica) Twelver Shia sources, however, state that she was born either two or five years after the first Qur'anic revelations, but that timeline would imply her mother was over fifty at the time of her birth.

[11] For more, see Genealogy of Khadija's daughters.

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[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

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[2]

[3]

List of disputed issues in early Islamic history

Contents

List of disputed issues

See also

Further reading

Notes

References

External links