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Mandaluyong

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Mandaluyong (/məndɑːˈlujɒŋ/ ⓘ mən-dah-LOO-yong; Tagalog pronunciation: [mɐndɐˈlujoŋ]), officially the City of Mandaluyong (Filipino: Lungsod ng Mandaluyong, [luŋˈsod nɐŋ mɐndɐˈlujoŋ]), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 425,758 people.[3]

Mandaluyong
Highly urbanized city
Aerial view of Mandaluyong
Shaw Boulevard
Mandaluyong City Hall
San Felipe Neri Parish Church
National Center for Mental Health
Correctional Institution for Women
SM Megamall
Welcome Sign
Wack Wack Golf and Country Club
Flag of Mandaluyong
Flag
Official seal of Mandaluyong
Seal
Nickname: 
Tiger City of the Philippines Shopping Capital of the Philippines
Motto(s): 
Gawa, hindi salita!
English: "Action, not words!"
Anthem: Martsa ng Mandaluyong
English: Mandaluyong March
Map of Metro Manila with Mandaluyong highlighted
Map of Metro Manila with Mandaluyong highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Map
Mandaluyong is located in Philippines
Mandaluyong
Mandaluyong
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 14°35′N 121°02′E / 14.58°N 121.03°E / 14.58; 121.03
Country Philippines
RegionNational Capital Region
District Lone district
Founded1841
CharteredMarch 27, 1907
RenamedNovember 6, 1931 (as Mandaluyong)
Cityhood and HUCFebruary 9, 1994
Barangays27 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Panlungsod
 • MayorBenjamin Abalos (PFP)
 • Vice MayorCarmelita Abalos (PFP)
 • RepresentativeNeptali Gonzales II (NUP)
 • Councilors
List
 • Electorate232,492 voters (2022)
Area
[2]
 • Total11.26 km2 (4.35 sq mi)
Elevation
32 m (105 ft)
Highest elevation
592 m (1,942 ft)
Lowest elevation
−2 m (−7 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[3]
 • Total425,758
 • Density38,000/km2 (98,000/sq mi)
 • Households
116,954
DemonymMandaleño
Economy
 • Income class1st city income class
 • Poverty incidence
0.40
% (2021)[4]
 • Revenue₱ 5,560 million (2020), 2,718 million (2012), 3,004 million (2013), 3,240 million (2014), 3,936 million (2015), 4,289 million (2016), 4,670 million (2017), 4,918 million (2018), 5,239 million (2019), 5,792 million (2021), 6,226 million (2022)
 • Assets₱ 31,935 million (2022)
 • Expenditure₱ 5,009 million (2020), 2,463 million (2012), 2,668 million (2013), 2,679 million (2014), 3,041 million (2015), 3,343 million (2016), 3,920 million (2017), 4,619 million (2018), 4,957 million (2019), 5,110 million (2021), 5,638 million (2022)
Service provider
 • ElectricityManila Electric Company (Meralco)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
PSGC
1380500000
IDD : area code +63 (0)02
Native languagesTagalog
Major religionsRoman Catholic
Feast dateMay 26
Catholic dioceseRoman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila
Patron saintSaint Philip Neri Immaculate Conception
Websitemandaluyong.gov.ph

Located directly east of Manila, Mandaluyong was originally a barrio of Santa Ana de Sapa (now a district of Manila) called San Felipe Neri. It separated and became its own town in 1841, and later acquired the name Mandaluyong in 1931 during the American occupation. In 1994, it became the first municipality of Metro Manila to become a city since the metropolis' establishment in 1975.

At present, it is known for the Ortigas Center, a commercial and business center that it also shares with the city of Pasig. Notable institutions and establishments in the city include the Asian Development Bank, the headquarters of Banco de Oro and San Miguel Corporation and shopping malls like Shangri-La Plaza and SM Megamall.

The city is bordered by Manila to the west, San Juan to the north, Quezon City to the northeast, Pasig to the east, Taguig to the southeast, and Makati to the south. It is also the 6th-smallest city in the Philippines with a land area of 21.26 km2 (8.21 sq mi), similar to Makati and Marikina.

Etymology

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There are different stories on the origin of the name Mandaluyong.

One tells of how the place was abundant with a kind of tree called luyong, now more commonly known as anahaw (Saribus rotundifolius),[5] from which canes and furniture were made.

Another claims that the Spaniards named the place based on the report of a navigator named Acapulco, who saw the rolling hills frequently being lashed at by daluyong (“big waves from the sea”).[6] This seems to confirm traditional pre-Hispanic stories that giant waves from the sea would meet the adjoining hills of the vast lowland, referred to as salpukan ng alon. Felix dela Huerta, a Franciscan historian, observed that the rolling topography of this land resembled giant waves of the sea.

As with the etymological legends of many Philippine places, when the foreigners asked what the place was called, the locals answered with the description "madaluyong" ("undulating"), later transcribed by Spanish writers as "Mandaluyong," with the addition of an “n”.

Another version of the name is based on a legend that a Maharlika named Luyong fell in love with Manda, the lovely daughter of a barangay chieftain. The chieftain did not like Luyong and forbade him Manda's hand. Luyong overcame this objection by winning a series of tribal contests, as was the custom at the time. The couple settled thereafter in a place which was later called “Mandaluyong" – a term made up of joining their names.[7][8]

History

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Early history

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Residents of Mandaluyong have always been known for their industry. Men did the laundry to the amusement of non-residents until shortly after the war, while the women ironed the clothes.

These industrious people trace their roots to Emperor Soledan (also known as "Anka Widyaya" of the Great Madjapahit Empire) and Empress Sasaban of the Kingdom of Sapa, whose son Prince Balagtas ruled as sovereign of the kingdom in about the year 1300.

More than a century later, in about the year 1470, it expanded and was called the "Kingdom of Namayan" with "Lakan Takhan" as sovereign. The vast Kingdom comprised what are now Quiapo, San Miguel, Sta, Mesa, Paco, Pandacan, Malate, Malate and Santa Ana in Manila, and Mandaluyong, San Juan, Makati, Pasay, Pateros, Taguig, Parañaque, and portions of Pasig and Quezon City up to Diliman, which were then part of Mandaluyong.[9]

Spanish colonial era

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Foundation

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Mandaluyong was first known as a barrio of Santa Ana de Sapa, which was part of the District of Paco, Province of Tondo (later known as the Province of Manila). It was named San Felipe Neri by the Spaniards in honor of the patron saint of Rome. It was separated civilly from Santa Ana de Sapa in 1841.

On September 15, 1863, San Felipe Neri established its own parish. Under the administration of the Congregation “Dulcísimo Nombre de Jesús” (lit. transl. Sweet Name of Jesus), it constructed its own church, convent and school. The Parish of San Felipe Neri played a significant role as a relay station for propagating the Katipunan during the 1896–1898 Revolution.

Original barrios

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According to Pedro Patricio in his book Mandaluyong: 1837–1975, Mandaluyong had five original barrios: Poblacion, Barangka, Hagdang Bato, Namayan, and Hulo.[10] This was according to the first recorded census in 1903. From these five evolved 22 sub-barrios.

The Philippine revolution

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Mandaluyong was significant in the Philippine Revolution of 1896 as the baluarte (territory) of the Katipunan or "Makabuhay" group, with seventeen branches.[11]

On August 29, 1896, Andres Bonifacio, together with Emilio Jacinto and other members of the Katipunan went into the house of Romualdo Vicencio at Sitio Balakbak (now Villa San Miguel) to prepare for the upcoming revolution against Spanish authority. In this site, Bonifacio read the last manifestation of the Katipunan before they transferred in Hagdan Bato, in the house of Felix Sanchez. This event is also known as the "29 De Agosto" and "Pinagtipunan" in which it is already named in two streets near the historic Barangay Hagdan Bato Itaas. It was in Barangay Hagdang Bato on August 28, 1896, where Andres Bonifacio issued a proclamation setting Saturday, August 29, 1896, as the date of the attack on Manila.

On August 30, 1896, after the successfully revolution in San Felipe Neri, the Katipuneros went to San Juan del Monte and attacked the El Polvorin (gunpowder depot) in order to amass more weapons to use against the Spaniards. This event is popularly known as the Battle of San Juan del Monte. It was also in this town that the revolutionary paper, La Republika, was established on September 15, 1896.

American colonial era

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On June 11, 1901, San Felipe Neri was incorporated into the newly established province of Rizal. During the American Occupation, it was raised to a first-class municipality with five barrios, namely: Poblacion, Barangka, Hagdang Bato, Namayan and Hulo. By virtue of Act No. 942 dated November 6, 1903, it was consolidated with the municipality of San Juan del Monte and became the seat of the municipal government.[12] For several months in 1904, San Felipe Neri became the capital of Rizal.[13] San Juan del Monte was later separated from San Felipe Neri to regain its independent municipality status on March 27, 1907.[14]

San Felipe Neri was renamed to its present name of Mandaluyong on November 6, 1931, by virtue of Act No. 3836.[15] Many government infrastructures are established during the American Period, including the Correctional Institute for Women, Welfareville Compound, The Boy's Town, and the National Center for Mental Health.

Japanese occupation era

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From 1942 to 1945, during World War II, Mandaluyong formed part of the City of Greater Manila, along with Manila, Quezon City, and other nearby towns of Rizal.[16][17] Also during the war, Mandaluyong lost many of her people; among them were Catholic priests and civilians. Destruction was felt all over, but with the timely arrival of the American Liberation Forces and the Philippine Commonwealth troops on February 9, 1945, the municipality was saved from further damages. That day became a red calendar day for Mandaluyong marking its liberation from the Japanese Imperial forces by the Allies.

Philippine independence

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Dambana ng Ala-ala Alay sa mga Dakilang Anak ng Mandaluyong (lit. transl. Shrine of Remembrance Offering to the Great Sons of Mandaluyong), a memorial dedicated to the gallant locals of Mandaluyong
 
Liberation Monument at Liberation Park, Pag-asa, Mandaluyong

After World War II, Mandaluyong began to become progressive and dramatically increase the economy. Many infrastructures, companies, and other businesses were developed in 1950s–1960s and as the result, making Mandaluyong recognized as the most developed municipality in the province of Rizal.[11]

The Martial Law era

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Main article: Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos

Ambush of Juan Ponce Enrile

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Main article: 1972 ambush of Juan Ponce Enrile

Mandaluyong played a small part in Ferdinand Marcos' efforts to rationalize his declaration of Martial law because the alleged 1972 ambush of Juan Ponce Enrile took place in Wack Wack, an exclusive neighborhood in Mandaluyong, in the hours immediately preceding its implementation.[18] Because the alleged ambush took place in an exclusive subdivision, no independent eyewitnesses of the event have come forward, and witnesses of the immediate aftermath are few.[19] This has lent credence to accounts which say that the ambush was faked, and that the site was selected specifically because it was easy to stage the incident there.[20][21][22] The 14-year period which followed that night is remembered for the Marcos administration's record of human rights abuses,[23][24] particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship.[25]

Industrial growth and government takeover efforts

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A prominent figure in Philippine business before Martial Law was Mandaluyong-based industrialist Domingo M. Guevara Sr., whose success began when he created Radiowealth, a brand of affordable Philippine-made appliances including radios and televisions.[26] This eventually became the Mandaluyong-based Guevara Enterprises which dominated the fields of electronics, communications, agriculture and industrial development, transportation, and manufacturing in the Philippines, whose headquarters was on Libertad (now D.M. Guevarra).[27] National Artist Nick Joaqin noted that Guevara's projects - which included the manufacturing the "Sakbayan," which was the ever first Philippine-made car - brought the Philippine economy to the verge of Newly Industrialized Country status in the years before Martial Law.[28] However, the growth of Guevara's businesses stopped when he refused to surrender control of his businesses to President Ferdinand Marcos during Martial Law,[27] and Marcos retaliated by making it difficult for Guevarra to do business.[27][28]

Separation from Rizal province

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Main article: Metro Manila

On November 7, 1975, Mandaluyong was formally included in newly established Metropolitan Manila by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 824[29] signed by President Ferdinand Marcos.

Cityhood

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Main article: Cities of the Philippines

By virtue of the 1987 Constitution, Mandaluyong and the then-municipality of San Juan were represented in Congress by a single congressman.

San Juan–Mandaluyong Representative Ronaldo Zamora sponsored a House Bill which eventually became Republic Act No. 7675[30] otherwise known as "An Act Converting the Municipality of Mandaluyong into a Highly Urbanized City to be known as the City of Mandaluyong." President Fidel V. Ramos signed R.A. No. 7675 into law on February 9, 1994 (the 49th anniversary of its liberation from the Japanese), which was ratified through a plebiscite on April 10, 1994, making Mandaluyong the fifth city in Metro Manila. Mandaluyong became a lone district with its own representative in Congress. Prior to the enactment of the assailed statute, the municipalities of Mandaluyong and San Juan belonged to only one legislative district.

Contemporary

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Mandaluyong today is composed of 27 barangays divided into two political districts mainly by Boni Avenue and G. Aglipay Street.

In 2002, Mandaluyong was recognized as "The Tiger City of the Philippines" because of the dramatic improvement in the city's economy.[31]

Geography

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Mandaluyong lies on a heart-shaped[32] 21.26 square kilometers (8.21 sq mi)[33][34] of land, 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) southeast of Manila and 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) west of Pasig. To the south lies Makati across Pasig River, To the southeast lies Taguig also across Pasig River, to the northwest, San Juan, and to the northeast, Quezon City. Thus, Mandaluyong is located at the center of Metro Manila.

Barangays

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Political map of Mandaluyong

Mandaluyong is politically subdivided into 27 barangays.

District Barangay Barangay
Chairman 		Land Area
(has.)[35] 		Population
(2007)[36] 		Population
(2010)[37] 		Population
(2015)[38] 		Population
(2020)[39]
1 Addition Hills Carlito Cernal 162.00 81,221 86,731 99,058 108,896
1 Bagong Silang Kristofer Dominguez 14.26 3,747 4,652 5,572 4,939
2 Barangka Drive Darwin Fernandez 24.54 12,134 12,227 13,310 15,474
2 Barangka Ibaba Edwin Santa Maria 16.92 9,372 9,241 9,540 9,040
2 Barangka Ilaya Joselito Pangilinan 47.45 4,185 5,049 17,896 22,334
2 Barangka Itaas Ronaldo Camacho 17.21 11,212 11,061 11,252 11,242
2 Buayang Bato Reynaldo Nobela 7.26 999 1,340 1,782 2,913
1 Burol Dan Carl De Guzman 2.78 2,322 2,606 2,740 2,650
1 Daang Bakal Richard Bassig 17.34 2,980 3,931 3,660 4,529
1 Hagdan Bato Itaas Merlyn Espiritu 18.36 9,431 10,102 10,314 10,267
1 Hagdan Bato Libis Danilo Torres 15.48 6,241 6,716 6,962 6,715
1 Harapin Ang Bukas Federico Ogbac 4.89 4,069 4,073 4,496 4,244
1 Highway Hills Maria Corazon Abalos 105.12 18,682 22,684 28,703 43,267
2 Hulo Joseph Jose 29.30 20,850 21,107 27,515 31,335
2 Mabini–J.Rizal Antonio Castañeda 11.88 4,826 6,773 7,628 7,882
2 Malamig Cynthia Caluya 29.52 6,898 7,007 12,667 12,054
1 Mauway Froilo Achilles Evangelista 19.25 21,700 25,129 29,103 25,800
2 Namayan Victor Francisco 30.60 4,846 5,706 6,123 7,670
1 New Zañiga Elizabeth Cruz 21.96 5,413 6,354 7,534 8,444
2 Old Zañiga Alex Lacson 42.48 6,674 7,712 7,013 6,636
1 Pag-Asa Conrado Angga Jr. 12.60 3,112 3,688 4,053 4,195
2 Plainview Nerissa Garcia 115.92 24,706 24,396 26,575 29,378
1 Pleasant Hills Marc Renniel Evangelista 20.33 6,495 5,648 5,910 6,003
1 Poblacion Elmer Jose Malabanan 24.12 14,778 15,191 14,733 16,333
2 San Jose Joan Batan 3.80 7,629 7,041 7,262 8,483
2 Vergara Ernesto Mendiola 15.12 4,928 4,645 5,910 4,357
1 Wack-Wack Greenhills Margarita Climaco 294.48 6,126 7,889 8,965 10,678

Climate

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Mandaluyong's climate is classified as tropical. In winter, there is much less rainfall in Mandaluyong than in summer. This climate is considered to be Aw according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The temperature here averages 27.2 °C (81.0 °F). In a year, the average rainfall is 2,093 mm (82.4 in). Precipitation is the lowest in February, with an average of 8 mm (0.31 in). With an average of 448 mm (17.6 in), the most precipitation falls in August. At an average temperature of 29.2 °C (84.6 °F), May is the hottest month of the year. January has the lowest average temperature of the year. It is 25.5 °C (77.9 °F). Between the driest and wettest months, the difference in precipitation is 440 mm (17 in). During the year, the average temperatures vary by 3.7 °C (38.7 °F).

Climate data for Mandaluyong
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29.7
(85.5) 		30.5
(86.9) 		32.1
(89.8) 		33.7
(92.7) 		33.8
(92.8) 		32.3
(90.1) 		31.1
(88.0) 		30.6
(87.1) 		30.7
(87.3) 		30.9
(87.6) 		30.4
(86.7) 		29.7
(85.5) 		31.3
(88.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 25.5
(77.9) 		25.9
(78.6) 		27.2
(81.0) 		28.7
(83.7) 		29.2
(84.6) 		28.4
(83.1) 		27.6
(81.7) 		27.3
(81.1) 		27.2
(81.0) 		27.2
(81.0) 		26.7
(80.1) 		25.9
(78.6) 		27.2
(81.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 21.3
(70.3) 		21.4
(70.5) 		22.4
(72.3) 		23.8
(74.8) 		24.7
(76.5) 		24.5
(76.1) 		24.1
(75.4) 		24.0
(75.2) 		23.8
(74.8) 		23.5
(74.3) 		23.0
(73.4) 		22.1
(71.8) 		23.2
(73.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 13.5
(0.53) 		7.3
(0.29) 		21.4
(0.84) 		18.7
(0.74) 		138.6
(5.46) 		283.8
(11.17) 		364.1
(14.33) 		476.3
(18.75) 		334.1
(13.15) 		200.5
(7.89) 		111.4
(4.39) 		56.0
(2.20) 		2,025.7
(79.74)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.10 mm) 4 2 3 3 10 16 22 22 20 18 14 9 143
Average relative humidity (%) 72 73 66 64 68 76 80 83 81 78 76 75 74
Mean monthly sunshine hours 176.7 197.8 225.8 258.0 222.7 162.0 132.8 132.8 132.0 157.6 153.0 151.9 2,103.1
Percent possible sunshine 51 61 61 70 57 42 34 34 36 44 45 44 48
Source 1: Climate-Data.org (Temperature)[40]
Source 2: Climatemps.com (Sunshine)[41]

Demographics

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Population census of Mandaluyong
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 4,349—    
1918 5,806+1.94%
1939 18,200+5.59%
1948 26,309+4.18%
1960 71,619+8.70%
1970 149,407+7.62%
1975 182,267+4.07%
1980 205,366+2.41%
1990 248,143+1.91%
1995 286,870+2.75%
2000 278,474−0.63%
2007 305,576+1.29%
2010 328,699+2.69%
2015 386,276+3.12%
2020 425,758+1.93%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[42][43][44][45]

Economy

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Poverty incidence of Mandaluyong

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2006
6.10
2009
1.84
2012
1.28
2015
2.41
2018
1.33
2021
0.40

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]

 
Intersection of EDSA and Shaw Boulevard

The city is home to a number of shopping centers, entertainment hubs, commercial establishments, high-rise offices, residential condominiums and hotels. The city is one of the important business and financial areas in the metropolis.[54]

Commercial activities

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Various buildings in the southern part of Mandaluyong.

Like other cities in Metro Manila, Mandaluyong has its own share of commercial strips and a central business district. The former commercial area, consisting mostly of banks, offices and service establishments, stretch along public transport routes thereby serving both local consumers and passers-by from the neighboring localities. Major commercial strips of the city include the stretch of Boni Avenue, Shaw Boulevard, Libertad-Sierra Madre area, Kalentong, San Francisco, part of Martinez, Sgt. Bumatay towards Barangka Drive and Pinatubo towards EDSA. Mandaluyong's central business district is concentrated on the EDSA-Shaw-Pioneer area; it includes the Greenfield District development.[55]

Industrial activities

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TV5 Media Center

Industrial activities are mostly concentrated within the Shaw Boulevard-Pioneer area and along the Pasig River. Although prominent in the manufacture of foods, medicines and laboratory equipment, these industries are gradually declining in number, opting to relocate in newly developed industrial zones outside Metropolitan Manila. In the Pasig River area, particularly in Barangays Namayan and Mabini–J. Rizal, areas formerly industrial are now the sites for residential subdivisions and townhouses. In the EDSA-Shaw-Pioneer area, the transformation is toward a more economically profitable and globally competitive commercial activity. And since December 2013, Mandaluyong is the home of one of the largest television networks in the country TV5 and one of the largest pay TV operator Cignal TV (both owned by the PLDT-backed firm MediaQuest Holdings located at the TV5 Media Center), and the master playout facility of Solar Entertainment Corporation (located at the Worldwide Corporate Center which also housed the main offices of companies owned by real estate magnate and former Senator Manny Villar and formerly the Nine Media Corporation-owned news channel CNN Philippines), and several radio stations associated to the Vera Group (Mellow 94.7, Magic 89.9, 99.5 Play FM, All Radio 103.5, DWBL and the now-defunct DWSS, all are located at the Paragon Plaza).[56]

Shopping centers

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Marketplace Shopping Mall

These super-regional supermalls each have over a hundred local and international stores and are anchored by at least one department store and supermarket or hypermarket. They are the largest malls in Metro Manila which feature not just stores but also such attractions as movie theaters, rides, skating rinks, bowling alleys and other recreational facilities. Each provides thousands of automobile parking spaces and are located mostly near rail stations and established business districts within the metropolis. These malls serve not only the Metro Manila and Greater Manila Area residents, but also local and foreign tourists. Among the malls in the city are Shangri-La Plaza, SM Megamall, The Podium, St. Francis Square, Starmall EDSA-Shaw, SM Cherry Shaw, The Marketplace Shopping Mall (the site of the Mandaluyong Public Market), Shaw Center Mall, four strip malls at the Greenfield District, and pocket malls at residential condominiums.[citation needed]

The city is also home to Puregold Shaw, the supermarket chain's inaugural branch that opened in 1998.[57]

Government

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Main article: Sangguniang Panglungsod
 
Mandaluyong City Hall
 
Mandaluyong Hall of Justice

Incumbent city officials

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[58][59]

Position Candidate Party
Representative
Lone Legislative District 		Neptali Gonzales II NUP
Mayor Benjamin Abalos Sr. PFP
Vice Mayor Carmelita Abalos PFP
City Councilors
1st Councilor District
Antonio Suva Jr. PFP
Anjelo Elton Yap PFP
Danilo De Guzman PFP
Rodolfo Posadas PFP
Carissa Mariz Manalo PFP
Estanislao Alim PFP
2nd Councilor District
Benjamin Abalos III PFP
Alexander Sta. Maria PFP
Reginald Antiojo PFP
Leslie Cruz PFP
Michael Ocampo PFP
Michael Gonzales-Cuejilo PFP
ABC President Darwin Fernandez
SK President Aeron Sedrick Mangaliag

Mayors of Mandaluyong

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Benjamin Abalos Sr., the incumbent Mayor of Mandaluyong

Listed below are persons who have served as mayors (previously municipal president) of Mandaluyong.

# Mayor Dates in Office Notes
1 Buenaventura Domingo 1901 First municipal president of San Felipe Neri
2 Dr. Antonio Fernando 1902
3 Januario Coronado 1902
4 Miguel Vergara 1902
5 Pantaleón Blas 1903 First Municipal president since the annexation of San Juan del Monte[60]
6 Claro Castañeda 1905 Last Municipal president while San Juan de Monte was part of San Felipe Neri[60]
7 Apolinar Coronado 1907–1909
* Januario Coronado 1909–1912
8 Marcelo Lerma 1912–1916
9 Mariano Castañeda 1916–1922
10 Clemente Fernando 1922–1925
11 Gregorio Pedro 1925–1928
* Clemente Fernando 1928–1934 First municipal mayor of Mandaluyong since its renaming from San Felipe Neri
12 Isaac López 1935–1939
13 Ponciano Enriquez 1940
14 Pedro Cruz 1941–1944; 1946 District Chief of Mandaluyong under the City of Greater Manila (1941–1944)[61]
15 Primo Guzman 1945
16 Bonifacio Javier 1946–1955
* Pedro Cruz 1956–1959
* Bonifacio Javier 1960–1962
17 Amado T. Reyes 1963
18 Melchor T. Arcangel 1963 Acting Mayor
19 Macario Trinidad 1963 Acting Mayor
20 Filemòn Javier 1964–1971
21 Renato Lòpez 1972–1980
22 Ernesto Domingo 1980–1986
* Benjamin Abalos Sr. 1986–1987 Acting (Officer in Charge) mayor
* Román de los Santos 1987–1988 Acting (Officer in Charge) mayor
23 Benjamin Abalos Sr. 1988–1998 First city mayor
24 Benjamin Abalos Jr. 1998–2004
25 Neptali Gonzales II 2004–2007
* Benjamin Abalos Jr. 2007–2016
26 Carmelita Abalos 2016–2022 First female mayor
* Benjamin Abalos Sr. 2022–present

Transportation

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Shaw Boulevard, one of the major thoroughfares in the city

The city is provided with good access roads to and from adjacent cities in Metro Manila through main roads such as the Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA), Ortigas Avenue and Shaw Boulevard.[62]

Airport

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The city is 36 minutes away from Ninoy Aquino International Airport.

Land

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Boni-Pioneer Underpass

Mandaluyong is primarily served by a public road network consisting of 80.93 km (50.29 mi) concrete and asphalt roads. With a total road density of 7.19 km (4.47 mi) per 1 ha (0.010 km2) of land, the city is considered to be over-served with roads.[62]

The city is mainly served by EDSA, Metro Manila's main thoroughfare. Considered as the heart of the metropolis, main roads such as Ortigas Avenue and Shaw Boulevard provide inter-city linkages, while Boni Avenue and F. Martinez Street serve as alternate routes in the city.[62] Other major roads in Mandaluyong include the Boni-Pioneer Underpass, a 280-meter-long (920 ft) tunnel underneath EDSA connecting Boni Avenue on its western-end and Pioneer Street on the east. and Julia Vargas Avenue in Ortigas Center. Jeepneys are one of the most common modes of public transportation for commuters in the city. Aside from jeepneys, tricycles and pedicabs are also one of the important modes of public transportation in Mandaluyong, especially on alleys around the city.

Water

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The presence of the Pasig River stretching along the south border of Mandaluyong provides an alternative route and mode of public transportation mainly for cargo freight of industries along the river, and for commuters seeking for a faster and more direct route to and from the cities of Pasig and Manila.[62] The Pasig River Ferry Service has one station in the city.

Railway

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The city is also served by rail via the Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3, located along EDSA. The city is served by the three MRT-3 stations of Ortigas, Shaw Boulevard, and Boni.

Philippine National Railways once served Mandaluyong through its defunct Santa Mesa–Antipolo branch until the bridge that carried it across the San Juan River collapsed in 1982.

Bridges

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Mandaluyong is accessed by the Pasig River, the San Juan River, and the Maytunas Creek:

Crossing Carries Image Location Built Coordinates
Pasig River
Makati – Mandaluyong
Makati–Mandaluyong Bridge Makati Avenue to Coronado Street   Barangay Poblacion and Barangay Hulo 1986 14°34′10″N 121°01′54″E / 14.569354°N 121.031742°E / 14.569354; 121.031742
Estrella–Pantaleon Bridge
Rockwell Bridge 		Estrella Street to Pantaleon Street Barangay Poblacion and Barangay Hulo 2011 (closed as of 2019)[63] 14°34′03″N 121°02′15″E / 14.567408°N 121.037516°E / 14.567408; 121.037516
Guadalupe Bridge C-4
Epifanio de los Santos Avenue 		  Brgys. Guadalupe Nuevo/Viejo and Barangay Barangka Ilaya 1966 14°34′06″N 121°02′46″E / 14.568466°N 121.045979°E / 14.568466; 121.045979
Line 3 Bridge Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3 (Line 3)   Brgys. Guadalupe Nuevo/Viejo and Barangay Barangka Ilaya 1998 14°34′06″N 121°02′46″E / 14.568466°N 121.045979°E / 14.568466; 121.045979
San Juan River
Manila – Mandaluyong
Sevilla Bridge P. Sanchez Street to Shaw Boulevard Santa Mesa and Barangay Daang Bakal 1991[64] 14°35′38″N 121°01′34″E / 14.593973°N 121.026128°E / 14.593973; 121.026128
Maytunas Creek
San Juan – Mandaluyong
Kalentong Bridge F. Blumentritt Street to Gen. Kalentong Street Barangay Kabayanan and Barangay Daang Bakal 1976[64] 14°35′43″N 121°01′41″E / 14.595367°N 121.028065°E / 14.595367; 121.028065
Maytunas Bridge P. Guevarra Street Barangays Maytunas/Addition Hills and Barangay Bagong Silang 14°35′36″N 121°01′55″E / 14.59328°N 121.03208°E / 14.59328; 121.03208
J.B. Vargas Bridge Argonne Street to J.B. Vargas Street Barangay Addition Hills and Barangay Bagong Silang 14°35′33″N 121°01′58″E / 14.59238°N 121.03272°E / 14.59238; 121.03272

Healthcare

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See also: List of hospitals in Metro Manila
 
The National Center for Mental Health

Mandaluyong has several private and public hospitals & health center, namely the privately owned Dr. Victor R. Potenciano Medical Center along EDSA and Unciano General Hospital, and the government hospital Mandaluyong City Medical Center. The city is also home to the National Center for Mental Health. Many residents, specifically the middle-to-upper class medical clientele, visit the nearby The Medical City in Ortigas Center, Pasig.

In 2007, the Mandaluyong city government, together with non-governmental organization Rehabilitation and Empowerment of Adults and Children (REACH) Foundation, established a community-based rehabilitation program called Project Therapy, Education, and Assimilation of Children with Handicap (TEACH), that caters to children with special needs coming from indigent families. Services given by Project TEACH include free occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy and special education classes.[65]

Education

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St. Benilde Gymnasium in La Salle Green Hills

Four well-known educational institutions in the city are the Arellano University – Plaridel Campus, Don Bosco Technical College, José Rizal University and Rizal Technological University.

A good number of city officials of Mandaluyong are alumni of Don Bosco,[66] including incumbent Mayor, Benjamin Abalos Jr. (HS '79);[67] former Vice Mayor, Renato Santa Maria (HS '65);[68] City Councilors Edward Bartolome (HS '96),[69] Noel Bernardo (HS '79),[70] and Jonathan Abalos (HS '85).[71] Other notable alumni include rapper Francis Magalona (HS '81);[72] and actor Ricky Davao (HS '78).[73] Meanwhile, the alumni of JRU that includes President Ramon Magsaysay, Roderick Paulate, and Armand Fabella. Other colleges in the city include the Our Lady of Guadalupe Colleges (specializing in Medicine and Nursing), STI and AMA (both specializing in Computer Technology education, both located on Shaw Boulevard), NAMEI Polytechnic Institute (specializing in Marine Sciences), and the International Baptist College.

The city is also home to Lourdes School of Mandaluyong (est. 1911), a Franciscan-Marian all-boys school, located in the Ortigas Center district managed by the OFM Capuchins; La Salle Green Hills (est. 1959), a private co-educational school, managed by the De La Salle Brothers, located along Ortigas Avenue; and Saint Pedro Poveda College (est. 1960), another all-girls institution, offering pre-school, grade school, high school, and college education. Although the official school address is Quezon City, part of the lot Poveda's campus stands on is under Mandaluyong.

Mandaluyong High School (est. 1977) is the oldest public high school in the city. City of Mandaluyong Science High School (est. 1996) is a public science high school on E. Pantaleon Street. The city has 18 public schools, including primary and secondary schools, all under the supervision of Department of Education's Schools Division Office (SDO) of Mandaluyong. The Mataas Na Paaralang Neptali A. Gonzales, named after Mandaluyong native and former Senator Neptali Gonzales, is the largest school in Mandaluyong and the only school in the city with the STEM high school program.

International relations

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Diplomatic missions

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Countries that have set up permanent missions or embassies in the city include:

Sister cities

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National

Notable personalities

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See also: List of people from Metro Manila

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Michael Ocampo died in August 10, 2024.

References

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Preceded by Capital of Rizal
as San Felipe Neri
1904 		Succeeded by
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