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Albert Einstein College of Medicine

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For other institutes containing "Einstein" in the names, see Albert Einstein (disambiguation).

The Albert Einstein College of Medicine is a private medical school in New York City. Founded in 1953, Einstein operates as an independent degree-granting institution as part of the integrated healthcare Montefiore Health System (Montefiore Medicine)[2] and also has affiliations with Jacobi Medical Center.

Albert Einstein College of Medicine
TypePrivate medical school
Established1953; 71 years ago (1953)
Parent institution
Montefiore Health System
DeanYaron Tomer
Academic staff
739 full-time, 40 part-time (fall 2022)[1]
Students1,303 (fall 2022)[1]
Location
The Bronx, New York City
,
New York
,
U.S.
CampusUrban
Websitewww.einsteinmed.edu

Einstein offers a M.D. program, a Ph.D. program in the biomedical sciences and clinical investigation, and two Master of Science (M.S.) degrees. Admission to Einstein’s MD program is amongst the most competitive in the United States, with an acceptance rate of 1.87% in 2024.[3]

The college arose from plans by Samuel Belkin in the 1940s and was named for physicist Albert Einstein. The college was established expressly to provide medical training to "students of all creeds and races". Scientific feats achieved at Einstein include the first coronary artery bypass surgery. The Montefiore Health System acquired the school in 2015. Einstein was one of the original three MD/PhD programs to be awarded funding from the National Institutes of Health in 1964, and has received continuous funding since then.[4] In 2021, the program enrolled over 100 MD/PhD students.[5] Following a $1 billion donation to the school by Ruth Gottesman in 2024, the school became tuition-free for all MD students.[6]

History

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College namesake Albert Einstein in 1947 and New York Attorney General Nathaniel Goldstein, Governor Thomas Dewey, and Yeshiva University head Samuel Belkin during the college's groundbreaking (1953).

As early as 1945, Yeshiva University president Samuel Belkin began planning a new medical school. Six years later, Belkin and New York City Mayor Vincent Impellitteri entered into an agreement to begin its construction with funding from Henry H. Minskoff[7] and Phillip Stollman.[8] Around the same time, physicist and humanitarian Albert Einstein sent a letter to Belkin. He remarked that such an endeavor would be "unique" in that the school would "welcome students of all creeds and races".[9] Two years later, on his 74th birthday, March 14, 1953, Albert Einstein agreed to have his name attached to the medical school.[10][11]

The first classes began September 12, 1955, with 56 students.[12] Irving London was the founding chair of the department of medicine.[13] It was the first new medical school to open in New York City since 1897. The Sue Golding Graduate Division was established in 1957 to offer Doctor of Philosophy degrees in biomedical disciplines.[14] The Medical Scientist Training Program, a combined MD–PhD program, was established in 1964.[15]The Clinical Research Training Program, which confers Master of Science degrees in clinical research methods, began in July 1998.[16]

The world's first coronary artery bypass surgery was performed May 2, 1960 at Einstein by a team led by Robert H. Goetz and the thoracic surgeon, Michael Rohman with the assistance of Jordan Haller and Ronald Dee.[17][18]

In February 2015, Yeshiva University announced the transfer of ownership of Einstein to the Montefiore Health System, in order to eliminate a large deficit from the university's financial statements. The medical school accounted for approximately two-thirds of the university's annual operating deficits, which had reached about $100 million before the announcement.[19] On September 9, 2015, the agreement between Yeshiva and Montefiore was finalized, and financial and operational control of Albert Einstein College of Medicine was transferred to Montefiore.[20][21] Yeshiva University continued to grant Einstein's degrees until 2018, as the medical school achieved independent degree-granting authority in the spring of 2019.[22][23]

In February 2024, Ruth Gottesman, who had been a long-time professor at the medical school and is head of the board of trustees, donated $1 billion to the school to make free tuition available to all students in perpetuity.[6][24][25]

Student body

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There are 183 first-year medical students in the Class of 2025. 9,773 people applied for seats, and 1,200 were interviewed. 60% of the class identify as women and 20% identify with groups underrepresented in medicine. Ages range from 21 to 34 with an average age of 23.5. 16% of students were born outside the United States and students come from 17 U.S. states.[26]

Academics

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The Michael F. Price Center for Genetic and Translational Medicine and Harold and Muriel Block Research Pavilion (top) and the main complex at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine

MD program

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Applicants are expected to demonstrate a solid foundation in science, but there is no strict requirement on which prerequisite courses must be taken. This "competency-based" approach also provides candidates greater flexibility, for example, by substituting laboratory experience gained, while employed, for laboratory and or course requirements taken in school, or by substituting online courses that free up time to pursue interests that enhance the applicant's level of maturity and readiness for the medical profession.[27][28]

Medical Scientist Training Program

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Einstein's Medical Scientist Training Program was one of the original three programs funded by the NIH in 1964, and has been funded continuously since then.[29] The program is designed to train investigators who could bridge the gap between basic science and clinical research by providing integrated graduate and clinical training. Einstein's program offers an integrated first-year curriculum covering both graduate and medical coursework. Second-year students complete the second year M.D. curriculum while working to select a Ph.D. thesis advisor. After performing one clinical clerkship, students commence their thesis research while completing any remaining coursework required for their graduate department. Students are expected to publish at least one first author, peer-reviewed paper. On average, students publish two first-author papers and four papers. After defending their dissertation, students complete the required clinical clerkships then have the opportunity to take "fourth-year" electives.[30] While on dissertation status, students have the opportunity to attend a continuity clinic which ensures they stay in touch with patients and the clinical atmosphere.[31]

Since the first graduating class in 1961, the Graduate Division of Biomedical Sciences has trained over 1600 students, including 400 M.D./Ph.D. students. The average time to complete the degree is 5.8 years, and students produce an average of four peer-reviewed papers and two first-author peer-reviewed papers.[32] Students do not apply to a specific department, but rather to the Ph.D. program as a whole, permitting them to rotate across laboratories and disciplines to make an informed choice regarding their thesis laboratory.

Master's degree programs

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Van Etten Building

The Clinical Research Training Program, founded in 1998, leads to the awarding of the Master of Science in Clinical Research Methods. This program involves spending one year after clerkships and some elective time during the fourth year completing courses in clinical research methods and driving a mentor-guided research project that leads to two first-author manuscripts. This program is offered at no additional cost to medical students and fellowship stipends are available.[33]

In partnership with The Cardozo School of Law, Einstein offers a Master of Science in Bioethics that focuses on transnational work in bioethics to help professionals improve care and communication.[34]

PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences

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Applicants apply directly to the PhD program, not to a specific department. This allows graduate students to gain exposure many areas of research before making an informed decision about the thesis work.[35] There are more than 200 biomedical laboratories for students to choose.[36]

PhD Program in Clinical Investigation

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The Ph.D. concentration in Clinical Investigation provides advanced training that prepares students for an independent research career in clinical and translational science. It is offered for Ph.D. students enrolled in Einstein’s graduate division and for M.D./Ph.D. students in Einstein’s Medical Scientist Training Program.[37]

Affiliations

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Jacobi Hospital is on the northern end of campus, and is adjacent to Einstein's Rose F. Kennedy Center.

Montefiore Health System

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Einstein's parent institute, Montefiore Health System, is a private healthcare system and one of the largest employers in New York. It comprises 15 member hospitals, including Montefiore Medical Center and Children's Hospital at Montefiore,[38] and more than 200 outpatient ambulatory care sites that provide coordinated, comprehensive care to patients and their families across the Bronx, Westchester and the Hudson Valley.[2]

Jacobi Medical Center

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Jacobi Medical Center, a public hospital adjacent to Einstein, provides healthcare for some 1.2 million Bronx and New York City area residents.

NIH-designated centers

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The college hosts several NIH-designated centers:[39]

  • Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center
  • Center for AIDS Research
  • Diabetes Research Center
  • Harold and Muriel Block Institute for Clinical and Translational Research at Einstein and Montefiore
  • Institute for Aging Research
  • Marion Bessin Liver Research Center
  • New York Regional Center for Diabetes Translation Research
  • Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center[40]

Notable alumni

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Alumni include Rudolph Leibel (pictured), who discovered the hormone leptin.

A number of Einstein alumni have made significant scientific discoveries and technological innovations. Rudolph Leibel discovered the hormone leptin and cloned the genes of it and its receptors.[41] George Kuo co-discovered the hepatitis C virus.[42] Stephen Waxman performed pioneering work on neuronal axons, their disorders, and pain.[43][44][45] Sankar Ghosh, currently a professor at Columbia University, conducted fundamental research on transcription factor NF-KB.[46] Raymond Vahan Damadian invented magnetic resonance imaging (MRI);[47] alumnus Ronald J. Ross was the first to apply it in a clinical setting.[48]

Notable physicians include anesthesiologist Gary Hartstein, who served as the FIA Medical Delegate for the Formula One World Championship.[49] Raja M. Flores, a cardiothoracic surgeon.[50][51] Notable psychologist alumni include Daniel Stern.[52] Other notable alumni include Howard Dean—former governor of Vermont, 2004 presidential candidate, and Democratic National Committee chairman,[53] along with Baruch Goldstein, perpetrator of the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre.

See also

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References

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  2. ^ a b "Montefiore Medical Center". www.montefiore.org. Archived from the original on February 6, 2006. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
  3. ^ >"Medical School Acceptance Rates in 2024". Archived from the original on May 27, 2024. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  4. ^ Harding, C. V.; Akabas, M. H.; Andersen, O. S. (2017). "History and Outcomes of Fifty Years of Physician-Scientist Training in Medical Scientist Training Programs". Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges. 92 (10): 1390–1398. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001779. PMC 5617793. PMID 28658019.
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  7. ^ New York Times: "Henry H. Minskoff, 73, Head of Major Building Company" by Glenn Fowler Archived March 30, 2018, at the Wayback Machine August 15, 1984.
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40°51′03″N 73°50′42″W / 40.850852°N 73.844949°W / 40.850852; -73.844949

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