The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic or Donetsk–Kryvyi Rih Soviet Republic (Russian: Донецко-Криворожская советская республика, romanized: Donetsko-Krivorozhskaya sovyetskaya respublika; Ukrainian: Донецько-Криворізька Радянська Республіка, romanized: Donetsko-Kryvorizka Radianska Respublika) was a self-declared Soviet republic of the Russian SFSR proclaimed on 12 February 1918. It was founded three days after the government of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) signed its Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers, which recognised the borders of the UPR. Lenin did not support the creation of the entity and neither did Sverdlov.[6] Some other Bolsheviks like Elena Stasova, however, sent a telegraph of best wishes.
Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic Донецко-Криворожская советская республика | |||||||||||
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| 1918 | |||||||||||
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![Map of the territory claimed by the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Republic in March 1918 (in green)[citation needed]](/wiki/File:Donetsk%E2%80%93Krivoy_Rog_Soviet_Republic_map.png) Map of the territory claimed by the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Republic in March 1918 (in green)[citation needed] | |||||||||||
| Status | unrecognized, self-declared entity[3][4] | ||||||||||
| Capital | Kharkiv, later Luhansk | ||||||||||
| Government | Soviet socialist republic | ||||||||||
| Chairman of the Sovnarkom | |||||||||||
• 1918 | Fyodor Sergeyev | ||||||||||
| Legislature | Soviet | ||||||||||
| Historical era | World War I | ||||||||||
• Established | 12 February 1918 | ||||||||||
• Incorporated into the Ukrainian Soviet Republic | 20 March[5] 1918 | ||||||||||
| Currency | Ruble | ||||||||||
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| Today part of | Ukraine Russia | ||||||||||
The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic claimed the territories south of the neighbouring Ukrainian People's Republic, including the Donbass, Kharkov, Yekaterinoslav, and part of the Kherson Governorates. In the beginning, the republic's capital was the city of Kharkiv, but later with the retreat of the Red Guard it moved to Luhansk. The newly created government challenged the authority of the General Secretariat of Ukraine and the People's Secretariat. Some of the commissars held positions as secretaries in another Bolshevik government in Ukraine, the People's Secretariat.
The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was disbanded at the second All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets on 20 March 1918 when the independence of Soviet Ukraine was announced. The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic failed to achieve recognition, either internationally or by the Russian SFSR, and in accordance with the March 1918 second Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was abolished.
The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was invoked during the war in Donbas (started 2014), when the legislature of the unrecognised separatist Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) adopted a memorandum on 5 February 2015 declaring itself the successor to the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic, and Artyom as founding father.[7]
Government
edit- Chairman – Fyodor Sergeyev ("Artyom")
- People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs – S. Vasilchenko
- People's Commissariat for Financial Affairs – Valeriy Mezhlauk
- People's Commissariat for Labour – B. Magidov
- People's Commissariat for National Enlightenment – M. Zhakov
- People's Commissariat for Legal Affairs – V. Filov
- People's Commissariat for Military Affairs – Moisei Rukhimovich
- People's Commissariat for State Control – A. Kamensky
After a government crisis and resignation of Vasilchenko, Zhakov and Filov on 29 March 1918, the Sovnarkom relocated from Kharkiv to Luhansk.
- Chairman – Fyodor Sergeyev ("Artyom")
- Deputy Chairman – Yu. Lutovinov ("Ivan")
- People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs – I. Yakimovich
- People's Commissariat for Finance – Valeriy Mezhlauk
- People's Commissariat for Labour – B. Magidov
- People's Commissariat for Enlightenment – Ya. Istomin
- People's Commissariat for Justice – A. Chervyakov
- People's Commissariat for Provision – I. Alekseyev ("Koom")
- People's Commissariat for Military Affairs – Moisei Rukhimovich
- People's Commissariat for State Control – A. Kamensky
- People's Commissariat for Posts and Telegraphs – Innokentiy Kozhevnikov
- People's Commissariat for Public Property – A. Puzyryov
- Director of Sovnarkom Affairs – A. Povzner
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ The Donetsk People's Republic is most likely based on the flag of the International Movement of Donbass, an anti-separatist pro-Soviet organisation started at Donetsk University in August 1989 with the goal of opposing Ukraine's independence.[1][2]
References
edit- ^ James Ivan Clem: The Life of the Parties: Party Activism in Lʹviv and Donetsk, Ukraine, Ann Arbor (MA): University of Michigan Press 1995, p. 52.
- ^ Edwards, Maxim (9 June 2014). "Symbolism of the Donetsk People's Republic". openDemocracy. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
But Vladimir Kornilov, the world's leading – and only – specialist on the short-lived state (and author of The Assassinated Dream, a book on its history), does not agree. The myths that grew around the Republic, [Kornilov] added, led to distorted views of its history, and 'pictures of some flag which was never actually used.' In fact, the flag used by the Donetsk People's Republic is, with alterations, that of the International Movement for Donbas or the Interdvizheniye Donbasa, an organisation whose roots started only in August 1989, in a lecture theatre of Donetsk University.
- ^ Donets–Kryvoi Rog Soviet Republic (ДОНЕЦЬКО- КРИВОРІЗЬКА РАДЯНСЬКА РЕСПУБЛІКА). Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia at leksika.
- ^ Soldatenko, V. Donets–Kryvoi Rog Republic. History of the separatist myth. (Донецько-Криворізька республіка. Історія сепаратистського міфу). Istorychna Pravda. 11 February 2011
- ^ Soldatenko, Valerii (4–10 December 2004). Донецко-Криворожская республика — иллюзии и практика национального нигилизма [Donets-Krivoy Rog Republic - the illusions and practice of national nihilism]. Zerkalo Nedeli (in Russian). 49 (524). Archived from the original on 27 September 2007.
- ^ Compare: Donets–Kryvoi Rog Soviet Republic (ДОНЕЦЬКО- КРИВОРІЗЬКА РАДЯНСЬКА РЕСПУБЛІКА). Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia at leksika. - "ЦК РКП(б) під головуванням В. І. Леніна розглянув на своєму засіданні питання про становище на Україні, підтвердив, що 'Донецький басейн розглядається як частина України' і зобов'язав парт. орг-ції Д.-К. р. р. взяти активну участь у створенні єдиного фронту оборони і роботі 2-го Всеукр. з'їзду Рад, щоб 'створити один уряд для всієї України' (Большевистские организации Украины в период установления и укрепления Советской власти.., с. 66)."
- ^ "The DPR became a legal successor of the Donetsk-Krivoy-Rog Republic". novorossia.today. 5 February 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
External links
edit- Donets–Kryvyi Rih Soviet Republic, article from the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- Terin, Yuriy (29 November 2004). "Donbas will remain free". Agentstvo Politicheskikh Novostey (in Russian). Retrieved 15 May 2007.
- Infodon: DKR prehistory — Formation of the DKR — End of the DKR (in Russian)
- Ukrainian SSR (at narod.ru) (in Russian)
- Hrabovskiy, Serhiy And again the "PISUAR". Newspaper Den. 8 April 2014. (in Ukrainian)