Dorothea of Montau (6 February 1347 – 25 June 1394) was an anchoress and visionary of 14th century Prussia. After centuries of veneration in Central Europe, she was beatified in 1976.
Blessed Dorothea of Montau | |
|---|---|
 Cell of Dorothea of Montau in Kwidzyn, Poland | |
| Anchoress, Mystic, Virgin, and Visionary | |
| Born | 6 February 1347 Groß Montau, Prussia |
| Died | 25 June 1394 Marienwerder, Prussia |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church |
| Beatified | 9 July 1976, Apostolic Palace, Vatican City by Pope Paul VI |
| Feast | 25 June, 30 October |
| Patronage | formerly Prussia, Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights, brides, widows, parents of large families |
Life
editDorothea was born at Groß Montau, Prussia (now Mątowy Wielkie, Poland) west of Marienburg (now Malbork, Poland) to a wealthy farmer from Holland, Willem Swarte. She was married at the age of 17 to the swordsmith Adalbrecht of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland), an ill-tempered man in his 40s.[1]
Almost immediately after marrying she began to experience visions. Her husband had little patience with her spiritual experiences and abused her. Through her humility and gentleness, she converted him and both made pilgrimages to Cologne, Aachen, and Einsiedeln Abbey in present-day Switzerland. While Dorothea, with her husband's permission, was on pilgrimage to Rome, he died in 1389 or 1390. Of their nine children eight died, four in infancy, and four during the plague of 1383. The surviving daughter, Gertrud, joined the Benedictines.[1]
In the summer of 1391 Dorothea moved to Marienwerder (now Kwidzyn, Poland), and on 2 May 1393, with the permission of the chapter and of the Teutonic Order, established an anchoress's cell against the wall of the cathedral. She remained there the rest of her life.
Dorothea led a very austere life. Numerous visitors sought her advice and consolation, and she had visions and revelations. Her confessor, the deacon Johannes of Marienwerder, a learned theologian, wrote down her communications and composed a Latin biography in seven books, Septililium, besides a German life in four books.[1]
Dorothea died in Marienwerder in 1394. A devotee of the Passion of Jesus and the Eucharist, she is said to have had stigmata.[2] According to scholar Michelle Sauer, Dorothea's life "bore surprising resemblance" to Saint Jutta of Kulmsee, another Prussian anchoress who lived during the late 13th century.[3]
Veneration
editDorothea was venerated popularly from the moment of her death as the guardian of the country of the Teutonic Knights (East Prussia) and patron saint of Prussia/Pomerania. In 1405, 257 witnesses spoke of her virtues and miracles.[4] The formal process of canonization, however, was broken off, and not resumed until 1955; she was finally canonized by Pope Paul VI in 1976.[5][6]
Dorothea's feast day is celebrated on 25 June.[7] Her relics were lost, probably during the Protestant Reformation.
Literature
editHer life, seen from the viewpoint of her embittered husband, is one of the subjects of the 1977 novel The Flounder by Günter Grass.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Meier, Gabriel. "St. Dorothea." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Internetowa Liturgia Godzin
- ^ Sauer, Michelle M. (Summer 2015). "Violence, Isolation, and Anchoritic Preparation: Dorothy of Montau, Anchoress of Marienwerder". Magistra. 21 (1): 134.
- ^ Internetowa Liturgia Godzin
- ^ Stargardt, Ute (1985). "The Political and Social Backgrounds of the Canonization of Dorothea von Montau". Mystics Quarterly. 11 (3): 107–122. ISSN 0742-5503. JSTOR 20716687. Retrieved 17 April 2023 – via JSTOR.
- ^ "Dorothea von Montau", katholisch.de
- ^ Martyrologium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001 ISBN 88-209-7210-7)
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "St. Dorothea". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- Stargardt, Ute (ed.), 1997. "The life of Dorothea von Montau, a fourteenth-century recluse" (original text by Johannes of Marienwerder, d. 1417). Lewiston: E. Mellen Press. ISBN 0-7734-8568-6
External links
edit- Saint of the Day Archived 2015-03-22 at the Wayback Machine at St. Patrick Catholic Church
- Heiligenlexikon article (in German)
- Dorota z Mątowów (in Polish)