The double-banded pygmy tyrant (Lophotriccus vitiosus) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, and Suriname. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical swampland.
| Double-banded pygmy tyrant | |
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| Double-banded pygmy-tyrant at Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas state, Brazil | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tyrannidae |
| Genus: | Lophotriccus |
| Species: | L. vitiosus
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| Binomial name | |
| Lophotriccus vitiosus (Bangs & Penard, TE, 1921)
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Description
editThe double-banded pygmy tyrant is a part of the flycatcher class, so it is a small bird, around 10 centimeters in length and between 6 and 9 grams in weight. It has olive green plumage spanning from its posterior through its head and to its breast. The tyrant’s underbelly is white, spreading from just underneath the breast, down to its legs. On top of its head, the pygmy tyrant is equipped with a layer of black feathers. This is called its crest, which is more prominent in males. The bird’s wings are solid black, with a yellowish-green that stripes down the center of the wings and around the edges of the feathers. Its beak is black, with a cylindrical shape and decent length.[2]
Vocalization
editThe vocalizations of the double-banded pygmy tyrant are an important aspect of its behavior and social interactions. The vocalizations can be categorized into distinct types: calls and songs. Call notes are short, sharp sounds used for communication between individual birds. The purpose of these calls is to alert the presence of predators, maintain contact within a group, and to signal location.[3] The second type of call is the song. It is known as a “buzzing trill,” in which it is a fast, repeated song[2] The calls and song of the double banded pygmy tyrant are high-pitched and harsh.[citation needed] The rhythm of the calls will vary depending on their intention and context. A warning will be much sharper and abrupt than a signal of its location would be.
Diet and hunting
editIts appetite consists mainly of insects, and it known as a fly-catching bird. The double-banded pygmy tyrant perches inconspicuously in the canopy (biology) of its rain forest habitat.
Distribution and Habitat
editThe double-banded pygmy tyrant resides in South America’s tropical forests, forest borders, and second-growth forests, living at elevations below 800 meters.[4] They span across northern South America. Ranging east to west from Brazil to Peru, and north to French Guiana and Suriname. The double-banded pygmy tyrant is not found any further south than Brazil.[5] This species is found year-round in rainforests.[5] Residing in a Neotropical location, this is one of eight biogeographic locations on Earth’s surface.[6] The Neotropical realm includes the tropical terrestrial regions of the Americas (parts of Florida, Mexico, and Central America) and the entirety of the South American temperate zone.[7] The double-banded pygmy tyrant resides in subtropical and tropical locations, specifically in wet forests and swampland.[6]
Subspecies
editThere are four subspecies of Lophotriccus vitiosus. The Lophotriccus vitiosus affinis, Lophotriccus vitiosus guianensis, Lophotriccus vitiosus congener, and Lophotriccus vitiosus vitiosus.[4]
| Subspecies | English Standard Name | Description | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lophotriccus vitiosus affinis[8] | Double-banded pygmy tyrant | Largest subspecies, with olive-green plumage and yellow-green underbelly | Columbia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, possibly Venezuela |
| Lophotriccus vitiosus guianensis[9] | Double-banded pygmy tyrant | Olive-green upper plumage, pale yellow chest, and short bill | Guianas, Northeastern Brazil |
| Lophotriccus vitiosus congener[10] | Double-banded pygmy tyrant | Short flattened bill, olive-green and pale-yellow underbelly | West Brazil, East Peru |
| Lophotriccus vitiosus vitiosus[11] | Double-banded pygmy tyrant | Olive-brown on upper plumage, with a pale underbelly | Peru |
All the subspecies have the same English standard name, as of 2024. Overall, the subspecies look similar, with olive-green feathers and two prominent yellow-green stripes down the back of the black wings.[4]
References
edit- ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Lophotriccus vitiosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22699559A93737365. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22699559A93737365.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ a b Clock, Benjamin M. (2020). "Double-banded Pygmy-Tyrant (Lophotriccus vitiosus), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.dbptyr1.01species_shared.bow.project_name. ISSN 2771-3105.
- ^ "Double-banded Pygmy-Tyrant - eBird". ebird.org. Retrieved 2024-10-16.
- ^ a b c Clock, Benjamin M. (2020). "Double-banded Pygmy-Tyrant (Lophotriccus vitiosus), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.dbptyr1.01species_shared.bow.project_name. ISSN 2771-3105.
- ^ a b Double-banded Pygmy-tyrant Lophotriccus vitiosus has most recently been assessed for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2016. Lophotriccus vitiosus is listed as Least Concern.
- ^ a b “Double-Banded Pygmy Tyrant.” Double-Banded Pygmy Tyrant - Facts, Diet, Habitat & Pictures on Animalia.Bio, animalia.bio/double-banded-pygmy-tyrant. Accessed 15 Oct. 2024.
- ^ Neotropical, animalia.bio/neotropical#google_vignette. Accessed 15 Oct. 2024.
- ^ "Lophotriccus Vitiosus Affinis: The Double-banded Pygmy Tyrant". Birdwikis. 2024-10-10. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
- ^ "Lophotriccus vitiosus guianensis (Double-banded Pygmy-Tyrant (guianensis)) - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
- ^ "Lophotriccus vitiosus congener (Double-banded Pygmy-Tyrant (congener)) - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
- ^ "Lophotriccus vitiosus vitiosus (Double-banded Pygmy-Tyrant (vitiosus)) - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
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