Double mini trampoline, sometimes referred to as double mini or DMT, is a gymnastics discipline within trampolining. Participants perform acrobatic skills on an apparatus smaller than a regular competition trampoline. The apparatus has both an angled section and a flat section.[1] Unlike individual trampoline, where scoring is predominantly determined by Execution, Time of Flight and Difficulty, the Difficulty in DMT plays a more prominent role in the final score.
 9 Time World Double Mini Trampoline Champion Mikhail Zalomin, at the 2018 World Championships | |
| Highest governing body | International Gymnastics Federation |
|---|---|
| Characteristics | |
| Team members | Individuals or Teams of 3 or 4 |
| Mixed-sex | No |
| Type | Gymnastic sport |
| Presence | |
| Country or region | Worldwide |
| Olympic | No |
| World Games | 2001 – 2022 |
A DMT routine or pass consist of two phases. The first phase is called a "mount"; during this phase the athlete jumps onto the angled part and flips off of it onto the flat part. The first phase can also be performed by jumping, without flips or twist, onto the flat part and then commencing the first flip or twist. In this case the first phase is called a "spotter". The second phase starts on the flat part and is called a "dismount"; the athlete lands the first flipping sequences from phase one and immediately launches into a second series of flips and twists before landing on a mat.[1]
The athletes are judged on Difficulty and Execution.[2] There are both Individual and Team competitions in the sport.[1]
DMT is governed by the FIG, the International Federation of Gymnastics, and is included as an event within Trampoline Gymnastics. Although not an Olympic event yet, Elite DMT athletes compete at International level and can compete in various events organised by the FIG as well as at the World Games.
History
editDMT can be sourced back to 1970 when its inventors Robert F Bollinger and George Nissen combined two Mini trampolines with a small table and mat to cover in between. Later Robert F Bollinger combined the two Mini trampolines to create one 430 cm long Double Mini Trampoline and also designed the rules for competition and terms such as the mounter and spotter passes and he established its own difficulty system roughly based on the system used for diving.[3][4][5] Robert F Bollinger was part of George Nissen's trampoline act and just as Nissen can be seen as the father of trampoline, Robert F Bollinger can be seen as the father of Double Mini Trampoline.[6]
The first record of a Double mini competition comes from the Trampoline Gymnastics World Age Group Competitions in 1973 held in London, England.[7] Athletes competing had little experience in the new apparatus and Robert F Bollinger jumped in and provided personal training on the Friday afternoon for the athletes wishing to compete the following day.[7] Double mini was first introduced into the Trampoline World Championships, only six years after its invention, in the 1976, 9th Trampoline World Championships in Tulsa.[3][8]
The DMT as we see it today is wider than the one Robert F Bollinger and George Nissen first created, and the change came mid 1990 when Horst Kunze, then President of the FIG Trampoline Technical Committee, asked Eurotramp Trampoline company if they could produce a DMT with a wider frame. This resulted in a wider DMT with a bed of 92 cm, which Horst Kunze states gave a real boost to the discipline. Since then this has been the international standard.[5]
Skills
editSome common skills performed at international level competitions are:[9] A Comprehensive list of skills can be found in FIG Code of Point Difficulty.
Full-In Full-Out
editAlso known as Double-Twisting Double Back
A somersault commonly used as a dismount in which the athlete takes off traveling backwards and does a double somersault with a double twist, full twist in the first somersault and full twist in the second somersault. This skill can be performed either tucked, piked or straight.[2]
Triple Back Somersault
editA somersault commonly used as a dismount in which the athlete takes off traveling backwards and does a triple somersault. This skill can be performed either tucked, piked or, uncommonly, straight.[2]
Miller
editAlso known as Full in Double-Full Out or Triple-Twisting Double back
A somersault used as a dismount in which the athlete takes off traveling backwards and does a double somersault with a triple twist. This skill is named after world champion Wayne Miller (USA).[1] This skill can be performed ether tucked, piked or straight.[2]
Full-In Half-Out
editAlso known as Full-Half, Full-In Barani-Out or Full-Barani
A somersault commonly used as a mount in which the athlete takes off traveling forwards and does a double somersault with a one and a half twist, full twist in the first somersault and half twist in the second somersault. This skill can be performed ether tucked, piked or straight.[2]
Fliffis
editAlso known as Half-Out
A somersault commonly used as a mount in which the athlete takes off traveling forwards and does a double somersault with a half twist, no twist in the first somersault and half twist in the second somersault. This skill can be performed ether tucked, piked or straight.[2]
Triffis
editAlso known as Half-out Triffis or 'Triff'
A somersault commonly used as a mount in which the athlete takes off traveling forwards and does a triple somersault with a half twist, no twist in the first two somersaults and a half twist in the third somersault. This skill can be performed either tucked or piked.[2]
FIG Code of Point Difficulty
editThe difficulty in double mini is based upon a bonus system, where the number of rotation and twists are multiplied and then the position is added.[10] The positions are tuck, pike and straight which are represented by "O" for Tuck, "<" for Pike and "/" for Straight[2]
The FIG numeric system works as follows, first number is the amount of 1/4-rotations second number is the amount of 1/2-twist, the twists are divided into where in the skill they occur.
Example: Full-In Half-Out (8 2 1) has a total of 8 1/4-rotations corresponding to the first 8 then it has 2 1/2-twists in the first somersault corresponding to the 2 and 1 1/2-twists the second somersault corresponding to the 1[2]
FIG World Championship results
editMen's Individual
edit| Year | Location | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 | Tulsa |  Ron Merriott (USA)
|
26.300 | Rob Bollinger (USA)
|
26.000 |  Derick Lotz (RSA)
|
25.200 |
| 1978 | Newcastle | Stuart Ransom (USA)
|
25.900 |  Brett Austine (AUS)
|
25.900 | Don Zasadny (USA)
|
24.700 |
| 1980 | Brig | Derick Lotz (RSA)
|
25.200 |  Manfred Schwedler (FRG)
|
23.600 | Brett Austine & Stephen Evetts (AUS)
|
23.300 |
| 1982 | Bozeman | Brett Austine (AUS)
|
26.800 | Derick Lotz (RSA)
|
26.100 | Manfred Schwedler (FRG)
|
25.800 |
| 1984 | Osaka | Brett Austine (AUS)
|
26.200 | John Merritt (AUS)
|
25.300 | Steve Elliott (USA)
|
25.000 |
| 1986 | Paris | Brett Austine (AUS)
|
26.400 | Terry Butler (USA)
|
25.900 | Chad Fox (USA)
|
25.700 |
| 1988 | Birmingham | Adrian Wareham (AUS)
|
27.500 | Terry Butler (USA)
|
27.000 | Brett Austine (AUS)
|
26.600 |
| 1990 | Essen | Adrian Wareham (AUS)
|
28.900 |  Jorge Moreira (POR)
|
28.000 | Steffen Eislöffel (FRG)
|
27.600 |
| 1992[11] | Auckland | Jorge Pereira (POR)
|
28.670 | Steffen Eislöffel (FRG)
|
28.530 |  Jeremy Brock (CAN)
|
28.400 |
| 1994 | Porto | Jorge Pereira (POR)
|
12.130 | Adrian Wareham (AUS)
|
11.900 | Luis Nunes (POR)
|
11.800 |
| 1996 | Vancouver | Chris Mitruk (CAN)
|
23.800 | Ji Wallace (AUS)
|
23.800 |  Radostin Rachev (BUL)
|
23.440 |
| 1998 | Sydney |  Rodolfo Rangel (BRA)
|
24.800 | Joao Marques (POR)
|
24.130 | Chris Mitruk (CAN)
|
23.200 |
| 1999 | Sun City | Chris Mitruk (CAN)
|
25.000 | Jörg Gehrke (GER)
|
24.530 | Rodolfo Rangel (BRA)
|
24.330 |
| 2001 | Odense | Nuno Lico (POR)
|
63.900 | Amadeu Neves (POR)
|
63.700 | Rodolfo Rangel (BRA)
|
63.600 |
| 2003 | Hannover |  Alexey Ilichev (RUS)
|
64.500 | Adam Menzies (CAN)
|
64.400 | Nico Gärtner (GER)
|
63.900 |
| 2005 | Eindhoven | Radostin Rachev (BUL)
|
75.100 | Keith Douglas (USA)
|
73.400 | Nico Gärtner (GER)
|
73.100 |
| 2007 | Quebec City | Kirill Ivanov (RUS)
|
78.000 | Denis Vachon (CAN)
|
73.600 | Kalon Ludvigson (USA)
|
71.600 |
| 2009 | St Petersburg | André Lico (POR)
|
75.500 |  Tim Lunding (SWE)
|
69.600 | André Fernandes (POR)
|
69.300 |
| 2010 | Metz | André Lico (POR)
|
73.400 | Austin White (USA)
|
73.000 | Evgeny Chernoivanov (RUS)
|
72.700 |
| 2011 | Birmingham | Bruno Martini (BRA)
|
70.200 | Austin White (USA)
|
69.700 | Evgeny Chernoivanov (RUS)
|
68.700 |
| 2013 | Sofia | Mikhail Zalomin (RUS)
|
77.800 | Alexander Renkert (USA)
|
73.200 | Bruno Nobre (POR)
|
69.200 |
| 2014 | Daytona Beach | Mikhail Zalomin (RUS)
|
78.100 | Austin White (USA)
|
77.500 | Austin Nacey (USA)
|
74.500 |
| 2015 | Odense | Austin White (USA)
|
79.600 | Mikhail Zalomin (RUS)
|
78.400 | Matthew Weal (USA)
|
74.800 |
| 2017 | Sofia | Mikhail Zalomin (RUS)
|
78.800 | Austin Nacey (USA)
|
78.300 | Aleksandr Odinsov (RUS)
|
76.900 |
| 2018 | St Petersburg | Mikhail Zalomin (RUS)
|
78.200 | Ruben Padilla (USA)
|
73.500 |  Lucas Adorno (ARG)
|
72.400 |
| 2019 | Tokyo | Mikhail Zalomin (RUS)
|
77.100 | Ruben Padilla (USA)
|
76.100 | Alexander Renkert (USA)
|
74.100 |
| 2021 | Baku | Vasilii Makarskii (RUS)
|
77.400 | Diogo Cabral (POR)
|
75.100 | Ruben Padilla (USA)
|
74.900 |
| 2022 | Sofia | Ruben Padilla (USA)
|
30.200 | Gavin Dodd (CAN)
|
29.200 | Tomas Minc (USA)
|
29.100 |
| 2023 | Birmingham | Ruben Padilla (USA)
|
30.600 |  David Franco (ESP)
|
29.300 | Tiago Sampaio Romao (POR)
|
23.600 |
Result are correct according to FIG's database as well as official records from the competition[8]
Women's Individual
edit| Year | Location | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 | Tulsa | Leigh Hennessey (USA)
|
24.800 | Denise Seal (USA)
|
24.100 | Nancy Boham (USA)
|
20.300 |
| 1978 | Newcastle | Leigh Hennessey (USA)
|
22.900 | Norma Lehto (CAN)
|
21.800 | Bethany Fairchild (USA)
|
21.400 |
| 1980 | Brig | Bethany Fairchild (USA)
|
22.100 | Norma Lehto (CAN)
|
22.000 | Charlene Geyser (RSA)
|
20.700 |
| 1982 | Bozeman | Christine Tough (CAN)
|
24.300 | Gabriele Dreier (FRG)
|
24.100 | Bethany Fairchild (USA)
|
23.700 |
| 1984 | Osaka | Gabriele Dreier (FRG)
|
23.500 | Cherie Mathers (AUS)
|
23.300 | Vicki Bullock (CAN) & Lesley Stephens (AUS)
|
22.600 |
| 1986 | Paris | Bettina Lehmann (FRG)
|
24.000 | Marie-Andrée Richard (CAN)
|
23.400 | Gabriele Dreier (FRG)
|
23.000 |
| 1988 | Birmingham | Elisabeth Jensen (AUS)
|
24.100 | Lisa Newman-Morris (AUS)
|
23.600 | Gabriele Dreier (FRG)
|
22.800 |
| 1990 | Essen | Lisa Newman-Morris (AUS)
|
24.600 |  Kylie Walker (NZL)
|
24.500 | Elisabeth Jensen (AUS)
|
24.500 |
| 1992[11] | Auckland | Kylie Walker (NZL)
|
26.270 | Donna White (AUS)
|
25.100 | Robyn Forbes (AUS)
|
24.200 |
| 1994 | Porto | Kylie Walker (NZL)
|
11.100 | Jaime Strandmark (USA)
|
11.030 | Kimberley Sans (USA)
|
10.800 |
| 1996 | Vancouver | Jennifer Sans (USA)
|
21.730 | Lisa Colussi (CAN)
|
21.480 | Maria Oliveira (POR)
|
20.690 |
| 1998 | Sydney | Kylie Walker (NZL)
|
21.860 | Jennifer Parilla (USA)
|
21.400 | Teodora Sinilkova (BUL)
|
21.270 |
| 1999 | Sun City | Lisa Colussi-Mitruk (CAN)
|
22.400 | Marina Mourinova (RUS)
|
21.470 | Erin Maguire (USA)
|
21.270 |
| 2001 | Odense | Marina Mourinova (RUS)
|
62.200 | Monica Fernandez (POR)
|
61.800 |  Katarina Prokesova (SVK)
|
61.100 |
| 2003 | Hannover | Sarah Charles (CAN)
|
62.200 | Antonia Ivanova (BUL)
|
61.800 | Shelly Klochan (USA)
|
61.600 |
| 2005 | Eindhoven | Silvia Saiote (POR)
|
65.700 | Anna Ivanova (RUS)
|
65.000 | Ana Simoes (POR)
|
64.700 |
| 2007 | Quebec City | Sarah Charles (CAN)
|
70.900 | Julie Warnock (CAN)
|
69.700 | Kaci Barry (USA)
|
68.800 |
| 2009 | St Petersburg | Victoria Voronina (RUS)
|
68.300 | Galina Goncharenko (RUS)
|
68.000 | Corissa Boychuck (CAN)
|
67.100 |
| 2010 | Metz | Corissa Boychuck (CAN)
|
70.500 | Bianca Budler** (RSA)
|
70.300 | Svetlana Balandian (RUS)
|
70.200 |
| 2011 | Birmingham | Svetlana Balandian (RUS)
|
70.200 | Bianca Zoonekynd** (RSA)
|
69.700 | Victoria Voronina (RUS)
|
68.700 |
| 2013 | Sofia | Kristle Lowell (USA)
|
71.100 | Svetlana Balandian (RUS)
|
70.000 |  Jasmin Short (GBR)
|
68.600 |
| 2014 | Daytona Beach | Erin Jauch (USA)
|
71.400 | Jasmin Short (GBR)
|
70.300 | Polina Troianova (RUS)
|
66.000 |
| 2015 | Odense | Erin Jauch (USA)
|
71.100 | Jasmin Short (GBR)
|
69.800 | Lina Sjöberg (SWE)
|
67.900 |
| 2017 | Sofia | Bianca Zoonekynd** (RSA)
|
68.900 | Polina Troianova (RUS)
|
67.800 | Lina Sjöberg (SWE)
|
67.200 |
| 2018 | St Petersburg | Lina Sjöberg (SWE)
|
72.100 | Melania Rodriguez (ESP)
|
70.000 | Kristle Lowell (USA)
|
67.700 |
| 2019 | Tokyo | Lina Sjöberg (SWE)
|
69.000 | Bronwyn Dibb (NZL)
|
68.800 | Alekandra Bonartseva (RUS)
|
68.200 |
| 2021 | Baku | Lina Sjöberg (SWE)
|
70.900 | Shelby Nobuhara (USA)
|
70.000 | Melania Rodriguez (ESP)
|
69.600 |
| 2022 | Sofia | Bronwyn Dibb (NZL)
|
24.900 | Tristan van Natta (USA)
|
24.800 | Cheyanna Robinson (AUS)
|
24.000 |
| 2023 | Birmingham | Melania Rodriguez (ESP)
|
26.300 | Aliah Raga (USA)
|
26.200 | Grace Harder (USA)
|
26.100 |
**Bianca Budler and Bianca Zoonekynd is the same person
Result are correct according to FIG's database as well as official records from the competition[8]
References
edit- ^ a b c d "FIG - Discipline". www.gymnastics.sport. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Trampoline Codes of points (COP). "APPENDIX to the CODES of POINTS (COP)" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique.
- ^ a b "History of trampoline and tumbling". usagym.org. USA Gymnastics. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ "What is a double mini trampoline". flippingouttnt. Flipping out T&T. 12 November 2011. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ a b "Ever higher: Innovations elevated three Trampoline disciplines to the next level". gymnastic.sport. FIG. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
- ^ "Biography: BOLLINGER, Robert F. (1929-2007)". Gymnastic hall of fame. Gymnastics Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ a b Munn, Dagmar (10 September 2015). "1973 - 1st World Age Group Games, London". Archived from the original on 28 May 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ a b c "Trampoline Gymnastics Past Results". fig-gymnastic. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ FIG (9 July 2017). "All about Double Mini-trampoline - We are Gymnastics!". YouTube. Archived from the original on 30 December 2017.
- ^ "Double mini trampoline difficulty". doublemini.net. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
- ^ a b "992 OFFICIAL VIDEO WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP TRAMPOLINE AUCKLAND". YouTube. Museo del Trampolín. Retrieved 19 January 2021.