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Doubleday (publisher)

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This article is about the U.S. publisher. For other divisions of Penguin Random House, see Doubleday (disambiguation).

Doubleday is an American publishing company. It was founded as the Doubleday & McClure Company in 1897. By 1947, it was the largest book publisher in the United States. It published the work of mostly U.S. authors under a number of imprints and distributed them through its own stores.

Doubleday
Parent companyKnopf Doubleday Publishing Group (Penguin Random House)
StatusImprint
Founded1897; 127 years ago (1897)
Founders
Country of originUnited States
Headquarters location1745 Broadway, New York City, U.S.
Publication typesBooks
Official websitedoubledaypublisher.com

In 2009, Doubleday merged with Knopf Publishing Group to form the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, which, as of 2018, is part of Penguin Random House.

History

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19th century

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The firm was founded as Doubleday & McClure Company in 1897 by Frank Nelson Doubleday in partnership with Samuel Sidney McClure.[1] McClure had founded the first U.S. newspaper syndicate in 1884 (McClure Syndicate) and the monthly McClure's Magazine in 1893. One of their first bestsellers was The Day's Work by Rudyard Kipling, a short story collection that Macmillan published in Britain late in 1898. Other authors published by the company in its early years include W. Somerset Maugham and Joseph Conrad.[when?] Theodore Roosevelt Jr. later served as a vice-president of the company.[when?]

20th century

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The partnership ended in 1900. McClure and John Sanborn Phillips, the co-founder of his magazine, formed McClure, Phillips and Company. Doubleday and Walter Hines Page formed Doubleday, Page & Company.

The bestselling novels of Thomas Dixon Jr., including The Leopard's Spots, 1902 and The Clansman, 1905, "changed a struggling publishing venture into the empire that Doubleday was to become". At the same time, Doubleday helped Dixon launch his writing career. Page and Dixon were both from North Carolina and had known each other in Raleigh, North Carolina.[2]

In 1910, Doubleday, Page & Co. moved its operations, which included a train station, to Garden City, New York, on Long Island.[3] The company purchased much of the land on the east side of Franklin Avenue, and estate homes were built for many of its executives on Fourth Street. Co-founder and Garden City resident Walter Hines Page was named Ambassador to Great Britain in 1916. In 1922, the company founded its juvenile department, the second in the nation, with May Massee as head.[4] The founder's son Nelson Doubleday joined the firm in the same year.

In 1927, Doubleday, Page merged with the George H. Doran Company, creating Doubleday, Doran, then the largest publishing business in the English-speaking world.[citation needed] Doubleday Canada Limited launches in the thirties.[5] In 1944, Doubleday, Doran acquired the Philadelphia medical publisher Blakiston.[6]

In 1946, the company became Doubleday and Company. Nelson Doubleday resigned as president, but continued as chairman of the board until his death on January 11, 1949. Douglas Black took over as president from 1946 to 1963. His tenure attracted numerous public figures to the publishing company, including Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, Douglas MacArthur, Robert Taft, and André Malraux. He was a strong opponent of censorship and felt that it was his responsibility to the American public to publish controversial titles. Black also expanded Doubleday's publishing program by opening two new printing plants; creating a new line of quality paperbacks, under the imprint Anchor Books; founding mail-order subscription book clubs in its book club division; opening 30 new retail stores in 25 cities; and opening new editorial offices in San Francisco, London, and Paris.[7][8]

By 1947, Doubleday was the largest publisher in the United States, with annual sales of more than 30 million books.[citation needed] In 1954, Doubleday sold Blakiston to McGraw-Hill.[9]

Doubleday's son-in-law John Sargent was president and CEO from 1963 to 1978. In 1964, Doubleday acquired the educational publisher Laidlaw.[10]

In 1967, the company purchased the Dallas-based Trigg-Vaughn group of radio and TV stations to create Doubleday Broadcasting.[11] After expanding during the 1970s and 1980s, Doubleday sold the broadcasting division in 1986.[12]

Nelson Doubleday Jr. succeeded John Sargent as president and CEO from 1978 to 1985.

In 1976, Doubleday bought paperback publisher Dell Publishing.[13] In 1980, the company bought the New York Mets baseball team.[11] The Mets defeated the Boston Red Sox to win the World Series in 1986 in a seven-game contest. In 1981, Doubleday promoted James R. McLaughlin to the presidency of Dell Publishing.[14]

Sales slowed in the early 1980s and earnings fell precipitously. Doubleday Jr., brought James McLaughlin over (from subsidiary Dell) to help streamline and downsize. McLaughlin went on to succeed Doubleday Jr., as president and CEO, with Doubleday Jr., becoming chairman of the board.[15]

By 1986, the firm was a fully integrated international communications company, doing trade publishing, mass-market paperback publishing, book clubs, and book manufacturing, together with ventures in broadcasting and advertising. The company had offices in London and Paris and wholly owned subsidiaries in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, with joint ventures in the UK and the Netherlands. Nelson Doubleday Jr. sold the publishing company to Bertelsmann in 1986 for a reported $475 million, with James R. McLaughlin resigning on December 17, 1986.[16][17] After the purchase, Bertelsmann sold Laidlaw to Macmillan Inc.[18]

The sale of Doubleday to Bertelsmann did not include the Mets, which Nelson Doubleday and minority owner Fred Wilpon had purchased from Doubleday & Company for $85 million. In 2002, Doubleday sold his stake in the Mets to Wilpon for $135 million after a feud over the monetary value of the team.[19][20]

In 1988, portions of the firm became part of the Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, which in turn became a division of Random House in 1998.[21] Doubleday was combined in a group with Broadway Books, Anchor Books was combined with Vintage Books as a division of Knopf, while Bantam and Dell became a separate group.[22]

In 1996, Doubleday founded the Christian publisher WaterBrook Press.[23]

21st century

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WaterBrook acquired Harold Shaw Publishers in 2000 and Multnomah Publishers in 2006.[24][25]

In late 2008 and early 2009, Doubleday imprint merged with Knopf Publishing Group to form the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.[26] In October 2008, Doubleday laid off about 10% of its staff (16 people) across all departments.[27] That December, the Broadway, Doubleday Business, Doubleday Religion, and WaterBrook Multnomah divisions were moved to Crown Publishing Group, a subsidiary of Random House in Manhattan.[28]

Presidents

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Notable editors

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Notable authors

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Notable employees

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Imprints

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The following are imprints that exist or have existed under Doubleday:

  • Anchor Books (sometime as Anchor Doubleday), produced quality paperbacks for bookstores; named for the anchor that (along with a dolphin) forms Doubleday's colophon; now part of the Knopf Publishing Group's Vintage Anchor unit
  • Best in Children's Books, a mail-order collection of original children's short story anthologies
  • Blakiston Co., medical and scientific books. Sold in 1947 to McGraw-Hill
  • Blue Ribbon Books, purchased in 1939 from Reynal & Hitchcock
  • Book League of America, contemporary and world classic literature, purchased in 1936
  • The Crime Club, active through much of the 20th century, publishing mystery and detective novels, most notably the Fu Manchu series by Sax Rohmer and the Saint series by Leslie Charteris
  • Garden City Publishing Co., originally established as a separate firm by Nelson Doubleday, Garden City's books were primarily reprints of books first offered by Doubleday, printed from the original plates but on less expensive paper. It was named for the village of the same name on Long Island in which Doubleday was long headquartered (until 1986), and which still houses Bookspan, the direct marketer of general interest and specialty book clubs run by Doubleday Direct and Book of the Month Club holdings.
  • Image Books, Catholic Books, moved to Crown Publishing Group
  • Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, a literary imprint established in 1990. Talese, the imprint's publisher and editorial director, is a senior vice president of Doubleday.
  • Permabooks, paperback division established in 1948
  • Rimington & Hooper, high-quality limited editions
  • Triangle Books, purchased in 1939 from Reynal & Hitchcock; sold inexpensive books through chain stores
  • Zenith Books, aimed at African-American youths

Bookstores

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References

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  1. ^ "History". randomhouse.com. Archived from the original on July 13, 2013. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
  2. ^ Rohauer, Raymond (1984). "Postscript". In Crewe, Karen (ed.). Southern Horizons. The Autobiography of Thomas Dixon. Alexandria, Virginia: IWV Publishing. p. 325. OCLC 11398740.
  3. ^ "Newportvintagebooks.com". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
  4. ^ Hodowanec, George V., ed. (1979). "THE MAY MASSEE COLLECTION" (PDF). Emporia State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 12, 2019. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
  5. ^ "Company history". Penguin Random House. Archived from the original on May 18, 2014. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  6. ^ "Books -- Authors". The New York Times. June 2, 1944. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  7. ^ "Daphne Du Maurier Letters to Douglas Black (C0858) -- Daphne Du Maurier Letters to Douglas Black". diglib.princeton.edu. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
  8. ^ "DOUGLAS M. BLACK, 81; EX-DOUBLEDAY CHIEF; A Founder of Publishers Group Was Strong Foe of Censorship Life Trustee of Columbia". The New York Times. May 17, 1977. Archived from the original on October 4, 2023. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
  9. ^ "BLAKISTON BOOKS SOLD; McGraw-Hill Acquires Medical Subsidiary of Doubleday". The New York Times. October 18, 1954. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  10. ^ "DOUBLEDAY BUYS TEXTBOOK HOUSE; Publisher Acquires Laidlaw Brothers of Illinois". The New York Times. February 17, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  11. ^ a b Tivnan, Edward (February 7, 1983). "Doubleday Rocks and Rolls". Newyorkmetro.com. New York Media, LLC: 55–. ISSN 0028-7369. Archived from the original on October 4, 2023. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
  12. ^ Freeman, Kim (March 1, 1986). "Doubleday Dumping Its Last 3 Outlets". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. pp. 10–. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on October 4, 2023. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
  13. ^ Krebs, Albin (April 30, 1976). "It's Official: Doubleday Acquires Dell". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 14, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
  14. ^ Sloane, Leonard (March 11, 1981). "BUSINESS PEOPLE; Doubleday Appoints New Dell President". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
  15. ^ Grimes, William (June 17, 2015). "Nelson Doubleday Jr., Publisher and Mets Buyer, Dies at 81". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 18, 2015. Retrieved June 18, 2015.
  16. ^ a b McDowell, Edwin (December 18, 1986). "German Firm Completes Acquisition of Doubleday". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
  17. ^ Mcdowell, Edwin (October 1, 1986). "PENGUIN AGREES TO BUY NEW AMERICAN LIBRARY". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
  18. ^ Storch, Charles (June 5, 1987). "47% OF STAFF AT LAIDLAW GET THE AX". chicagotribune.com. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  19. ^ Sandomir, Richard (August 14, 2002). "Baseball; Owners Of Mets Make A Deal". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 4, 2009. Retrieved March 24, 2010.
  20. ^ Grimes, William (June 18, 2015). "Nelson Doubleday Jr., Publisher Who Owned the Mets, Dies at 81". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 31, 2018. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
  21. ^ "West German-based firm buys Doubleday and Co". Tri City Herald. Associated Press. September 28, 1986. Retrieved March 24, 2010. [permanent dead link]
  22. ^ Carvajal, Doreen (May 28, 1999). "Bertelsmann Is Reorganizing Random House". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 15, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
  23. ^ Milliot, Jim (November 19, 2001). "New President, Publisher For WaterBrook Press". PublishersWeekly.com. Archived from the original on October 14, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
  24. ^ "PW: RH Acquires Harold Shaw". PublishersWeekly.com. January 31, 2000. Archived from the original on October 14, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
  25. ^ Interface, Saxotech (August 3, 2006). "Multnomah Publishers sold to Random House". The Bulletin. Archived from the original on October 14, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
  26. ^ "Shakeups hit Random House, other publishers | Crain's New York Business". crainsnewyork.com. December 3, 2008. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
  27. ^ Rich, Motoko (October 28, 2008). "Doubleday Publishing Lays Off 10% of Its Employees". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
  28. ^ Rich, Motoko (December 3, 2008). "Major Reorganization at Random House". ArtsBeat. Archived from the original on October 14, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
  29. ^ "The Stoic". Archived from the original on April 8, 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  30. ^ "The Evening News". Publishers Weekly. March 1990. Archived from the original on April 19, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
  31. ^ Fargnoli, A. Nicholas; Golay, Michael (2009). Critical Companion to William Faulkner. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438108599.
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