Ailton Krenak (1953-) is an Indigenous writer, philosopher, journalist, environmentalist and activist of the Krenak[1] people. He became widely known in the public sphere after his protest at the Brazilian Constituent Assembly on September 4, 1987, when he painted his face with black jenipapo[2] dye while delivering a speech against the violation of Indigenous peoples rights.[3] He participated in the drafting of the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 (known as the "Citizen Constitution") as a representative of Indigenous peoples.[4] He is the author of Ideas to Postpone the End of The World (2020),[5] Life is not useful (2023),[6] and Ancestral Future (2024),[7] among other books, essays and interviews.
Ailton Krenak | |
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| Born | 29 September 1953 Itabirinha, Minas Gerais, Brazil |
| Education | BA in Philosophy (Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora) |
| Occupation(s) | Writer, philosopher, journalist, environmentalist and Indigenous activist |
| Title | Doctor (Honorary) |
| Honours | Order of Cultural Merit (2008) |
Biography
editAilton Alves Lacerda Krenak was born September 29, 1953, in Itabirinha de Mantena, Minas Gerais.[8] He was raised in the Doce River valley region of Brazil until he was 17 years-old, a territory of the Krenak people which has been severely impacted by legal and illegal activities of mining, logging and construction companies.[9]
He has founded and participated in several indigenous rights organisations, such as the União dos Povos Indígenas (Union of Indigenous Peoples), the Aliança dos Povos da Floresta (Alliance of Forest-dwelling Peoples), the Núcleo de Cultura Indígena (Nucleus of Indigenous Culture), among others. In 2000, he appeared on TV Escola's documentary film Índios no Brasil (Indigenous Peoples in Brazil). From 2003 to 2010, Krenak was special aide for indigenous affairs to the governor of Minas Gerais. In 2016, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, where he teaches culture, history and traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples.[10]
Krenak was the recipient of the 2022 Prince Claus Fund Impact Awards,[11] along with María Medrano, Argentina; Luis Manuel Otero Alcántara, Cuba; May al-Ibrashy, Egypt; Hassan Darsi, Morocco and Alain Gomis, Senegal.
On 4 October 2023, he was elected to the Brazilian Academy of Letters, being the first indigenous Brazilian to join the institution.[12]
Books
editKrenak is considered one of the foremost thinkers in Brazilian contemporaneity. His books include Ideas to Postpone the End of The World (2020),[5] Life is not useful (2023),[6] and Ancestral Future (2024),[7] among other works, essays and interviews.
Philosophy
editAccording to Krenak, human beings have dissociated themselves from the earth, which is being "devoured" by corporations that embody a European concept of humanity. This humanity is immured in artificial spaces and "excludes a variety of sub-humanities" which tend to latch onto the earth. He believes that the question whether there is a single humanity should remain open; however, Krenak does not feel like he is a member of this "select club". He believes COVID-19 discriminates against humans, due to the way human societies work. "It does not kill birds, bears, or any other beings, just humans", he says.[13] That would be a consequence of how we came to think that the earth is a 'thing' and that we are distinct from it. "The type of zombie humanity we are invited to be a part of does not tolerate this much pleasure [of small constellations of people who dance, sing and make it rain], so much fruition of life. So, they preach the end of the world in the hopes of making us let go of our dreams."[14] 'It is an absurd rationalisation of thought.'[15]
He pleaded for the government of Jair Bolsonaro to be internationally condemned for failing to cut back on mining in indigenous territories in the Amazon as well as in other places in which 'the ecology plays a regulating role of planetary climate.'[16]
As to permanent human agglomerations, Krenak states: "The idea that we can think about life based on cities has been called into question. I do not venture to say we will abandon cities. But I recognise an opportunity to re-evaluate our dependency on an old model of settlement...what we see is a host of neglected human beings, without ever being able to collect on that promise [of urban spaces that cater to a person's every need]" And, as regards the challenges posed by COVID-19: "The big investors, the billionaires, they're not the agents of change [rather, the new generations are]...whoever has sensibility doesn't have to be in a position of power to bring about change." He defines spirituality as the "interdependence between all things living".[17]
References
edit- ^ "Krenak - Indigenous Peoples in Brazil". pib.socioambiental.org. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
- ^ Gosto, Brasil a (9 December 2021). "Jenipapo". Instituto Brasil a Gosto. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ Krenak, Ailton (24 October 2019). "Discurso de Ailton Krenak, em 04/09/1987, na Assembleia Constituinte, Brasília, Brasil". GIS - Gesto, Imagem e Som - Revista de Antropologia (in Portuguese). 4 (1): 421–422. doi:10.11606/issn.2525-3123.gis.2019.162846. ISSN 2525-3123.
- ^ "Ailton Krenak | ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ANTHROPOLOGY". ea.fflch.usp.br. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
- ^ a b "Ideas to Postpone the End of the World". House of Anansi Press. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
- ^ a b "Life Is Not Useful | Wiley". Wiley.com. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
- ^ a b "Ancestral Future | Wiley". Wiley.com. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
- ^ "Ailton Krenak". Ditadura: Cotidianos e Heranças (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 14 November 2024.
- ^ "Ailton Krenak". resilience. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
- ^ "Ailton Krenak". ailtonkrenak.blogspot.com.
- ^ "2022 Impact Awards Announcement". Prince Claus Fund. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
- ^ "Ailton Krenak é o primeiro indígena eleito à Academia Brasileira de Letras". Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 5 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ^ "Crítica: Ailton Krenak crê que a pandemia faz pensar sobre a nossa extinção". Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 14 August 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
- ^ Minas, Estado de (3 April 2020). ""O modo de funcionamento da humanidade entrou em crise", opina Ailton Krenak – Pensar". Estado de Minas.
- ^ "O tradutor do pensamento mágico". 4 November 2019.
- ^ "Líder indígena pede 'condenação internacional' de Bolsonaro por política ambiental". noticias.uol.com.br.
- ^ "Uma nova humanidade: Para líder indígena, esperança de futuro melhor está na entrega ao presente, na disposição de viver o agora". www.uol.com.br.