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Alice Elizabeth Anderson

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Alice Elizabeth Anderson (8 June 1897 – 17 September 1926) was an Australian businesswoman, garage proprietor, designer, industrial/product designer, and mechanic. Anderson was the owner of the first all-women garage workshop in Australia.[1][2][3][4]

Alice Elizabeth Anderson
Born
Alecia Elizabeth Foley Anderson

(1897-06-08)8 June 1897
Melbourne, Australia
Died17 September 1926(1926-09-17) (aged 29)
Kew, Melbourne, Australia
Cause of deathGunshot
NationalityAustralian
Occupation(s)Businesswoman, garage proprietor, designer, industrial/product designer, and mechanic
Years active1919–1926
Known forFirst all-women garage proprietor in Australia
FatherJoshua Thomas Noble Anderson

Life and career

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Alice Anderson was born Alecia Elizabeth Foley Anderson in Melbourne, Australia on June 8, 1897, to Irish-born couple Joshua Thomas Noble Anderson and Ellen Mary (née White-Spunner).[5][3] She was the third of five children in the family, and her sisters were Joan, artist and educator Frances Derham, and Claire, who became the first female engineering student at the University of Melbourne.[3][6] Her only brother Stewart drowned in 1913.[7]

She grew up in a bush house in Narbethong, a small town in the rural suburbs of Melbourne, where she learned to hunt, fish, horse ride, and had her first contact with driving.[3] From 1913 to 1914, Anderson attended the Melbourne Church of England Girls' Grammar School, however financial struggles forced her to abandon schooling after five terms.[4] In 1915, she began taking private lessons in bookkeeping, French, and history with Jessie Webb.[3]

Anderson's interest in motor vehicles was sparked in her teens; some writers say Anderson's first contact with vehicles happened in the local co-operative bus service,[4] others say she worked in her father's motoring business as a secretary and the staff taught her to drive.[8][9] On her 18th birthday, Anderson's father gifted her a Hupmobile decorated with their family crest and the motto, "We Stoop Not."[5]

At the age of 18, Anderson began working part-time as a clerical worker, and made extra money by shuttling weekend tour groups to the Dandenong Ranges.[3][9] By the age of 21, she settled in Kew and became a full-time worker for her tourism business. A year later, she acquired a block in Cotham Road, constructed a brick garage, and founded the Alice Anderson Motor Service enterprise.[9] Her endeavors were inspired by Joe Carstairs, a British Standard Oil heiress who started an all-woman garage in London.[5]

Alice Anderson Motor Service

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Inaugurated in 1919, Alice Anderson Motor Service was the first all-women garage workshop in Australia.[10] The opening party for the garage was attended by Nellie Melba, Robert Menzies, and students from the University of Melbourne.[3] The services offered included vehicle repair, chauffeuring with garage-owned cars, interstate touring trips, driving classes, and petrol stations.[10][3][11] In addition, women could take educational programs on engine technology, and participate in a mechanics apprenticeship.[3] Due to Anderson's reputation for caring and passion, mothers from all across Australia would send their daughters to the garage to learn to drive.[12][13] By 1925, the garage was so popular that 50 women applied for the apprenticeship program, the crew grew to 9 members, and the car fleet grew to 5 vehicles.[3] She trained more than thirty young female chauffeurs.[14] Notable alum includes popular motorist, Jean Beatson.

The garage continued to operate after Anderson's death, with Ethel Bage managing the business until at least 1935, and May Rooney taking over in 1937.[3] Driving instruction became the primary focus of the business, and the Alice Anderson Motor School operating until at least 1954.[3]

Death

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On September 7, 1926, Anderson was found dead in her workshop in Kew after a day of work.[3][13] The coroner's report suggested that she accidentally shot herself while cleaning two of her guns, and family and friends dismissed the possibility of suicide.[3]

The news stated the following day: "Probably no woman in Melbourne was better known. She pioneered the way to motor garages for women, and made a greater success of it than most men could."[13]

Anderson was buried in the Boroondara Cemetery following a graveside service. Young women who worked in her garage acted as pallbearers.[15]

Legacy

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According to historian Loretta Smith, Anderson "was a woman of 'rare achievement' who excelled as a motoring entrepreneur and inventor."[1][16] Her best known invention is a type of creeper, the ‘Anderson get out and under board’, a board on castor-wheels for use when working under a car.[3][9] Anderson first exhibited the invention in 1918, at the Royal Agricultural Show, but failed to file a patent; in 1920, an identical "automobile creeper" was patented.[3]

Anderson was involved with several social clubs and associations.[12] She was a founder and Vice-President of The Women's Automotive Club of Australia,[3][17] and a member of The Lyceum Club,[18] a club for prominent and influential women in the fields of arts, sciences, and contemporary issues.[19][20] As an advocate for women in garage work, and female independence, she published press articles and contributed to motoring columns in Woman's World.[21][12][5]

In 2016, Alice's Garage, a social enterprise, was founded upon Anderson's ideals of women empowerment. Its mission is "to address the inequalities LGBTI Elders face related to ageism and the legacies of our LGBTIphobic histories."[22]

Since 2017, "Alice Anderson's Motor Service" is an exhibition in the National Motor Museum of Australia.[23] In 2018, the project won the "Interpretation Australia, Runners-up – 2018 Awards of Excellence."[24]

In March 2020, Anderson was inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women following nomination by members of the Friends of Boroondara (Kew) cemetery.[25]

In 2023, Garage Girls, a stage performance based on the life of Anderson and the women she employed, had a season at La Mama Theatre in Melbourne. The performance was devised by Three Birds Theatre[26] and The Shift Theatre.[27]

References

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  1. ^ a b Smith, Loretta (26 March 2019). A Spanner in the Works: The extraordinary story of Alice Anderson and Australia's first all-girl garage. Hachette Australia. ISBN 9780733642111.
  2. ^ Clarsen, Georgine (1 October 2008). Eat My Dust: Early Women Motorists. JHU Press. ISBN 9781421405148.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Laurenson, Geoff (June 2014). "Nothing ventured, nothing gained: Alice Anderson – mechanic, chauffeur and entrepreneur" (PDF). University of Melbourne Collections (14): 16–21.
  4. ^ a b c Clarsen, Georgine (2005). "Anderson, Alice Elizabeth (1897–1926)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. Supplementary Volume. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d Doyle, Briohny (26 September 2023). "Overlooked No More: Alice Anderson, Who Ran Australia's First All-Woman Garage". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  6. ^ White, Margaret H., "Cultural Advice", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 17 March 2021
  7. ^ "THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE ARCHIVESNAME OF COLLECTION Frances Derham".
  8. ^ Stone, Kerrianne (10 January 2017). "Alice Anderson in her Hupmobile Touring car". Teaching with Unique Collections. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  9. ^ a b c d Webb, Carolyn (18 September 2015). "Pioneering female mechanic Alice Anderson back in the spotlight". The Age. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  10. ^ a b "Alice Anderson's Motor Service: Australia's first all-female workshop | CarAdvice". CarAdvice.com. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  11. ^ Clarsen, Georgine (2006). ""The Woman Who Does": A Melbourne Motor Garage Proprietor". Sapphic modernities : sexuality, women, and national culture. Internet Archive. New York : Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-6498-4.
  12. ^ a b c "Obituary – Alice Elizabeth Anderson – Obituaries Australia". oa.anu.edu.au. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  13. ^ a b c "MISS ANDERSON'S DEATH". Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 – 1954). 18 September 1926. p. 1. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  14. ^ Verghis, Sharon (16 December 2019). "Sharon Verghis reviews 'A Spanner in the Works: The extraordinary story of Alice Anderson and Australia's first all-girl garage' by Loretta Smith". www.australianbookreview.com.au. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  15. ^ "Social Notes". Australasian (Melbourne, Vic. : 1864 – 1946). 25 September 1926. p. 64. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
  16. ^ Wilson, Katherine (7 June 2019). "How Alice Anderson steered women into a new world". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  17. ^ "THE WOMEN'S AUTOMOBILE CLUB OF AUSTRALIA". Port Fairy Gazette. 1914–1918.
  18. ^ "PERSONAL". Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 – 1954). 6 August 1926. p. 5. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  19. ^ "Lyceum Club". Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  20. ^ "The Ladies' and Gentlemen's clubs of Melbourne". @RACV. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  21. ^ "Over 100 years of Women in Trades and counting". SALT. 13 June 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  22. ^ "About | Alice's Garage". Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  23. ^ "Alice Anderson's Motor Service | Motor Museum". National Motor Museum. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  24. ^ "2018 Awards of Excellence Winners". Interpretation Australia. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
  25. ^ "Alice Elizabeth Foley Anderson". www.vic.gov.au. 5 March 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  26. ^ "Garage Girls". Three Birds Theatre. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  27. ^ "Garage Girls". The Shift Theatre. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
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