Ancient Apocalypse is a Netflix series, where the British writer Graham Hancock presents his pseudoarchaeological theory that there was an advanced civilization during the last ice age and that it was destroyed as a result of meteor impacts around 12,000 years ago. He proposes that survivors passed on their knowledge to hunter-gatherers around the world, giving rise to all earliest known civilizations. The episodes feature Hancock visiting archaeological sites and natural features which he claims show evidence of this. He repeatedly alleges that archaeologists are ignoring or covering up the evidence.
| Ancient Apocalypse | |
|---|---|
 Promotional poster | |
| Presented by | Graham Hancock |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| No. of episodes | 14 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Bruce Kennedy |
| Producers | Clementine Mortelman, Joshua Gray, Rebecca Joy, Marc Tiley |
| Running time |
|
| Production company | ITN Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network | Netflix |
| Release | 10 November 2022 – 16 October 2024 |
Archaeologists and other experts say that the series presents pseudoscientific claims that lack evidence, cherry picks, and fails to present the counter-evidence. A statement from the Society for American Archaeology condemned the theories presented as having a "long-standing association with racist, white supremacist ideologies" and accused Hancock of "seeking to cause harm to [...] our profession in the public eye". Some non-academic reviewers also found the theories unconvincing and criticized Hancock's complaints about 'mainstream archaeology' as one-sided and evocative of conspiracy theories. Some experts featured in the first series complained that footage of them was presented in a misleading way.
The first season of the series, produced by ITN Productions, was released on Netflix in November 2022. A second season, featuring actor Keanu Reeves alongside Hancock, is axed on the Americas and was released in October 2024.
Synopsis
In the series, Hancock argues that there was an advanced civilization during the last ice age. He speculates that it was destroyed around 12,000 years ago by sudden climate change during the Younger Dryas cool period, but that its few survivors taught agriculture, monumental architecture and astronomy to primitive hunter-gatherers around the world.[1] Hancock does not accept that the earliest known civilizations could have arisen independently or that faraway peoples developed the same ideas, and argues that they all came from one advanced ice age civilization. He attempts to show how several ancient monuments and myths are evidence of this, and claims that archaeologists are ignoring or covering up this alleged evidence.[2][3] It incorporates the controversial Younger Dryas impact hypothesis, which has been comprehensively refuted,[4] and which attributes climate change to an impact winter caused by a massive meteor bombardment.[5]
Production and release
The series was produced by ITN Productions and released by Netflix on 10 November 2022.[6][7] Hancock's son Sean is a manager at Netflix responsible for "unscripted originals".[6] It was the second most-watched series on Netflix in its week of release.[8]
Two archaeologists who were featured in the first season, Katya Stroud, a senior curator at Heritage Malta, and Necmi Karul, the director of excavations at Göbekli Tepe, said that their interviews were manipulated and presented out of context.[9][10]
A second season was released on Netflix on 16 October 2024[11] and featured the actor Keanu Reeves alongside Hancock.[12] Plans to film parts of the second season of the show in the USA were cancelled following opposition from Indigenous groups over Hancock's depiction of their history and culture.[13]
Episodes
Season one
| Episodes | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Episode number | Title | Subjects | |
| 1 | Once There Was a Flood | Gunung Padang, Sundaland, Nan Madol | |
| 2 | Survivor in a Time of Chaos | Cholula (Mesoamerican site), Great Pyramid of Cholula, Texcotzingo, Xochicalco | |
| 3 | Sirius Rising | Megalithic Temples of Malta, Malta Cart Ruts, Għar Dalam, Sirius | |
| 4 | Ghosts of a Drowned World | Bimini Road, Piri Reis map of 1513, Shark Island (Bimini) | |
| 5 | Legacy of the Sages | Göbekli Tepe, Karahan Tepe | |
| 6 | America's Lost Civilization | Poverty Point, Serpent Mound, Mound Builders, Clovis culture | |
| 7 | Fatal Winter | Derinkuyu, Kaymakli Underground City, Nevşehir | |
| 8 | Cataclysm and Rebirth | Channeled Scablands, Missoula Floods, Murray Springs Clovis Site, Younger Dryas, Younger Dryas impact hypothesis | |
Season two (Ancient Apocalypse: The Americas)
| Episode number | Title | Subjects |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chapter I | White Sands fossil footprints, Amazonian geoglyphs |
| 2 | Chapter II | Serra do Paituna, Easter Island, Moai |
| 3 | Chapter III | Easter Island, Paracas Candelabra, Viracocha |
| 4 | Chapter IV | Sacsayhuamán, Viracocha, terra preta, Temple of the Moon |
| 5 | Chapter V | Native American mounds, Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, Palenque |
| 6 | Chapter VI | Palenque, Kukulkan, El Castillo, Chichen Itza, Quetzalcoatl, Oannes, Osiris, Maya calendar |
Reception
Archaeologists and other experts say that the theories presented in the series are pseudoscientific, lack evidence, and that many claims are easily disproven. The Society for American Archaeology objected to the classification of the series as a documentary and requested that Netflix reclassify it as science fiction,[7][14][15] stating:
"the series devalues the archaeological profession on the basis of false claims and disinformation;... repeatedly and vigorously dismisses archaeologists and the practice of archaeology with aggressive rhetoric, willfully seeking to cause harm to our membership and our profession in the public eye; ... the theory it presents has a long-standing association with racist, white supremacist ideologies; does injustice to Indigenous peoples; and emboldens extremists."[7][14]
Archaeologist Flint Dibble said the show is "lacking in evidence to support Hancock's theory", while there is "a plethora of evidence" which contradicts the dates Hancock gives.[1] John Hoopes, an archaeologist who has written about pseudoarcheology, said the series fails to present alternative interpretations or evidence contradicting Hancock.[2] Archaeologist David Connolly said that Hancock's work relied on cherry-picked evidence for his claims, noting, "what he'll do is take a piece of real research [by others], insert a piece of 'why not?' and then finish it off with a bit of real research [by others]".[15] Dr. Colin Elder, supervising archaeologist at the University of Salford, said Hancock is "not trying to corroborate with multiple sources ... He's finding one person who agrees with him, and putting them on TV. He's not looking at the counterarguments".[15] In the same vein, archaeologist Julien Riel-Salvatore argues that it is simple, from a scientific point of view, to demonstrate that the main theses of Ancient Apocalypse are wrong. He also believes that the series undermines critical thinking.[16]
Answering Hancock's claims of a coverup, archaeologists said they and their colleagues would be thrilled to uncover an ice age civilization and would take Hancock's theory seriously if the evidence really existed.[15][2]
Courrier International notes that Hancock's claims are never questioned on screen: in Ancient Apocalypse, he calls the archaeologists "pseudo-experts" and repeats that they treat him patronizingly, but he does not name them nor explains their arguments.[17] The Guardian opined that Netflix had "gone out of its way to court the conspiracy theorists" with the series, speculating that Hancock's son's role as head of unscripted originals at the company may explain why it was commissioned.[18]
Author Jason Colavito said Ancient Apocalypse was "not the worst show in its genre" but criticized it for "casting doubt on expertise, privileging emotion over evidence, and bending history to ideological ends ... making common cause with the right against academia".[19] Writing in The Spectator, conservative commentator James Delingpole (who described himself as a "huge fan of Hancock" who finds his ideas plausible) criticized the series' production for "continually reminding [the viewer] that this is niche, crazy stuff that respectable 'experts' shun" and for portraying Hancock as "slippery and unreliable".[20]
German scholar Andreas Grünschloß describes Hancock as misrepresenting Indigenous traditions to support his ideas, for example the descriptions of Quetzalcoatl as "white", which were a Spanish colonial invention. He says that Hancock is a writer who presents his science fiction as independent "research".[21] In one episode, Hancock says the Megalithic Temples of Malta, built in 3600–2500 BC, were actually built ten thousand years earlier during the last ice age. Maltese archaeologists dismissed these claims.[9] Experts in Pacific geography and archaeology characterized Hancock's claims about Nan Madol as "incredibly insulting to the ancestors of the Pohnpeian [islanders] that did create these structures", linking them to 19th century "racist" and "white supremacist" ideologies.[22] Writing in Skeptic magazine, impact physicist Mark Boslough criticized the series' presentation on the largely discredited Younger Dryas impact hypothesis.[23]
See also
- Archaeology and racism
- Legends of the Lost with Megan Fox, a 2018 documentary series
References
- ^ a b Dibble, Flint (18 November 2022). "With Netflix's Ancient Apocalypse, Graham Hancock has declared war on archaeologists". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 6 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ a b c Onion, Rebecca (18 November 2022). "The Ancient Absurdities of Ancient Apocalypse". Slate. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ McKie, Robin (27 November 2022). "Lost city of Atlantis rises again to fuel a dangerous myth". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
- ^ Holliday, Vance T.; Daulton, Tyrone L.; Bartlein, Patrick J.; Boslough, Mark B.; Breslawski, Ryan P.; Fisher, Abigail E.; Jorgeson, Ian A.; Scott, Andrew C.; Koeberl, Christian; Marlon, Jennifer; Severinghaus, Jeffrey; Petaev, Michail I.; Claeys, Philippe (December 2023). "Comprehensive refutation of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH)". Earth-Science Reviews. 247. Elsevier: 104502. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104502. S2CID 260218223.
- ^ Ogden, Leslie Evans (April 2018). "Hot Theory About Cool Event". Natural History. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ^ a b Moore, Kasey (17 October 2022). "Ancient Apocalypse: Graham Hancock to Present Netflix Original Docuseries". What's on Netflix. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
- ^ a b c Benzine, Vittoria (2 December 2022). "Archaeologists Ask Netflix to Reclassify Graham Hancock's 'Unfounded' Netflix Docuseries 'Ancient Apocalypse' as Fiction". Artnet. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ Mathews, Liam; Surette, Tim; Picurro, Allison; Connolly, Kelly (15 November 2022). "Netflix Top 10 Shows and Movies: New Releases and Trending Today, November 15". TV Guide. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
- ^ a b Arena, Jessica (20 November 2022). "Maltese archaeologists push back against Netflix show's temple claims". Times of Malta. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
- ^ Ebbinghaus, Uwe (20 December 2022). "Netflix-Doku über Eiszeit: Wenn Bilder lügen". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). ISSN 0174-4909. Archived from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
- ^ "Ancient Apocalypse: The Americas | Series two of Graham Hancock's series to be released on Netflix on 16th October - ITN Productions | Media Centre | ITN". www.itn.co.uk. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
- ^ Goldbart, Max (18 September 2024). "'Ancient Apocalypse' Season 2 Confirmed By Netflix With Keanu Reeves Set To Feature". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
- ^ "Netflix's Ancient Apocalypse scraps US filming plans after outcry from Native American groups". The Guardian. 1 July 2024.
- ^ a b Sandweiss, Daniel H. (30 November 2022). "Dear Ms. Bajaria and Ms. Corp" (PDF). Society for American Archaeology. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
- ^ a b c d Doak, Sam (12 January 2023). "Double Check: Are Archaeologists Suppressing Research on a Secret Civilization?". Logically. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ Riel-Salvatore, Julien (22 November 2022). "Netflix, l'archéologie et l'obscurantisme". Le Devoir (in French). Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ "Netflix. "À l'aube de notre histoire" : faut-il croire ce que raconte Graham Hancock ?". Courrier International (in French). 16 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Heritage, Stuart (23 November 2022). "Ancient Apocalypse is the most dangerous show on Netflix". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ Colavito, Jason (5 December 2022). "The Strange and Dangerous Right-Wing Freakout Over Ancient Apocalypse". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ Delingpole, James (7 December 2022). "Fascinating, plausible ideas undermined by Netflix: Ancient Apocalypse reviewed". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
- ^ Grünschloß, Andreas. Unmasking Hegemonial ‘Fingerprints of the Fraud’. Disinformation, Data Manipulation and Discursive Silencing of Native Perspectives in Graham Hancock’s Netflix-Series Ancient Apocalypse. Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 2023. doi: 10.47952/gro-publ-123
- ^ Hodge, Hugo (6 December 2022). "Experts dismiss Netflix's Ancient Apocalypse as 'racist' and 'pseudoscience'". ABC News. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ Boslough, Mark (March 2023). "APOCALYPSE! WHY GRAHAM HANCOCK'S USE OF THE YOUNGER DRYAS IMPACT HYPOTHESIS IN HIS NETFLIX SERIES ANCIENT APOCALYPSE IS ALL WET". Skeptic Magazine. 28 (1): 51–59.
Further reading
- Hartlep, Michael (8 December 2022). "'Ancient Apocalypse' Netflix series unfounded, experts say". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- McMaster, Geoff (14 December 2022). "'Ancient Apocalypse' is more fiction than fact, say experts". Folio. University of Alberta. Archived from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.