Battle of Addi Qarro

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The Battle of Addi Qarro also called the Battle of Addi Qorro was a battle that took place between forces of the Ethiopian Empire and forces of the Ottoman Empire in December 1578 in the Tigray Province of the Ethiopian Empire.[1] The forces of the Ethiopian Empire were led by the Emperor Sarsa Dengel while the forces of the Ottoman Empire were led by Ahmad pasha supplemented by troops of Bahr Negus Yeshaq who was in rebellion against the emperor at the time.[2][3] The battle followed an earlier Ethiopian victory over the Ottomans at Enticaw on November 13 of the same year and resulted in the liquidation of the invading Ottoman army.[4]

Battle of Addi Qarro
Part of the Ethiopian-Ottoman war
DateDecember 1578; 445 years ago (1578-12)
Location
Addi Qarro, Tigray Province, Ethiopian Empire
Result
  • Ethiopian victory[5]
Belligerents
 Ethiopian Empire Ottoman Empire
Medri Bahri rebels
Commanders and leaders
Sarsa Dengel Ahmad Pasha 
Bahr Negus Yeshaq 
Strength
150 Musketeers[6] 1000 janissaries
Numerous footmen and Cavalry
8 cannons[7]
Casualties and losses
Minimal Most of the army killed
300 Turks captured[8]
8 cannons captured[9]

Battle

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The battle took place at Addi Qarro, located in the Tigray province of the Ethiopian Empire. The Ethiopian Forces of the Emperor dealt a sudden and crushing defeat to the Ottoman army, killing its leader Ahmad Pasha along with the rebel Yeshaq.[10][11]

Aftermath

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After the battle, Sarsa Dengel and his victorious army advanced on the Ottoman fort at Debarwa, captured it and destroyed the fort along with the mosque which was built by the Ottomans.[12] With his victories at this and the subsequent battles Sarsa Dengel ended the Turkish threat to the independence of his Empire while also restoring the powerful position of the Ethiopian Emperor in the region.[13]

Some of the captured Turks were absorbed into the army of the Emperor after being Christianized. They formed a part of the Emperor's army that stormed the mountain strongholds of the Jewish rebel Gushan. Their descendants would also form a special part of the Ethiopian army which remained attached to the Imperial Court.[14]

References

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  1. ^ Dombrowski, Franz Amadeus. Ethiopia's Access to the Sea. Germany: Brill, 2023, p.23
  2. ^ Studies on Ottoman Diplomatic History. Türkiye: Isis Press, 1990, p.152
  3. ^ Turcica. Belgium, Éditions Klincksieck, 1978, p.283
  4. ^ Dombrowski, Franz Amadeus. Ethiopia's Access to the Sea. Germany: Brill, 2023, p.23
  5. ^ Casale, Giancarlo. The Ottoman Age of Exploration. United Kingdom, Oxford University Press, 2010, p.152
  6. ^ Aregay, M.. A Reappraisal of the Impact of Firearms in the Military History of Ethiopia (c.1500-1800). United Kingdom, School of Oriental and African Studies and Institute of Commonwealth Studies, 1968, p.114
  7. ^ Aregay, M.. A Reappraisal of the Impact of Firearms in the Military History of Ethiopia (c.1500-1800). United Kingdom, School of Oriental and African Studies and Institute of Commonwealth Studies, 1968, p.114
  8. ^ Aregay, M.. A Reappraisal of the Impact of Firearms in the Military History of Ethiopia (c.1500-1800). United Kingdom, School of Oriental and African Studies and Institute of Commonwealth Studies, 1968, p.114
  9. ^ Aregay, M.. A Reappraisal of the Impact of Firearms in the Military History of Ethiopia (c.1500-1800). United Kingdom, School of Oriental and African Studies and Institute of Commonwealth Studies, 1968, p.114
  10. ^ Casale, Giancarlo. The Ottoman Age of Exploration. United Kingdom, Oxford University Press, 2010, p.152
  11. ^ Aregay, M.. A Reappraisal of the Impact of Firearms in the Military History of Ethiopia (c.1500-1800). United Kingdom, School of Oriental and African Studies and Institute of Commonwealth Studies, 1968, p.114
  12. ^ Trimingham, J. Spencer. Islam in Ethiopia. United Kingdom, Taylor & Francis, 2013, p.98
  13. ^ Dombrowski, Franz Amadeus. Ethiopia's Access to the Sea. Germany: Brill, 2023, p.25
  14. ^ Aregay, M.. A Reappraisal of the Impact of Firearms in the Military History of Ethiopia (c.1500-1800). United Kingdom: School of Oriental and African Studies and Institute of Commonwealth Studies, 1968, p.114