Celtic Castle on Jakob's Hill

Celtic Castle on Jakob's Hill
Celtic Castle on Jakob's Hill
Jakabhegyi földvár
	Hungary
General information
Type	Hillfort
Location	Jakab-hegy, Baranya county, Hungary
Coordinates	46°05′43″N 18°08′32″E / 46.09528°N 18.14222°E
Construction started	750BC
Renovated	350BC
Demolished	9 AD abandoned
Owner	Hallstatt Culture Pannonian Celts
Height	6–10 m (ruins)

The Jakab Hill castle was an early Iron Age castle built as a circular rampart of earth and stone^[1] in the Mecsek, on the Jakab Hill, Hungary. The Celtic was situated on the Jakab-hegy overlooking the Drave flood plain. The ruins of a Pauline Monastery is situated within the old ramparts of the castle.^[2] The ruins of the monastery, which is located in the middle of the castle, are visible and preserved. The shape castle wall is visible in the satellite images.

History

The largest Iron Age castle of the Carpathian Basin was built at the site of a Bronze Age settlement on the plateau of the Jakab Hill in the early Iron Age. It the most important centre of power in Southern Pannonia before the Roman conquest. It might have been the capital of an Iron Age kingdom, the scope of which could have been somewhere between the Alps and the Danube-Lake Balaton.

Features

Celtic fortress wall as described by Caesar in Bello Gallico

The two-part fortification was surrounded by 6–10 m (20–33 ft) high stone and earth wall with the southerly wall, that overlooks a cliff, lower. The second fortification part is roughly 5 km (3.1 mi) long system of ramparts forming an outer ring. The within the main fortification is approx. 300 to 550 by 800 meters. The main fortification has a secondary rampart within it that divided it into two sections, lower part of the 400 x 250-meter contained some sort of "acropolis".

One of the original gates of the castle opens to the west of the acropolis. The other gate is on the south-east side.^[3]

In front of the castle, at the site of a former Bronze Age settlement, the graveyard of the Iron Age settlement was discovered, which is still recognizable under the trees of the forest with its stone-laid tombs and the cremation rituals with stone circles surrounding them. The side easiest to approach of the fortress was protected by the highest rampart sections.^[4]

Inhabitants

Its inhabitants were the people of the Early Iron Hallstatt culture, and they built the Earth's fortress around 750 BC. Later, around 350 BC it was further modified by the Celts and occupied as the capital of a kingdom until Roman times. The Romans might have forced the inhabitants of the city to leave their town because of their magnitude and good defences, and instead founded the nearby Sopianae, the predecessor of today's Pécs.

Pauline Monastery

The Jakab Hill Pauline Monastery was a Pauline Order Monastery close by Kővágószőlős. It was established in 1225 but during the course of the Hungarian-Turkish wars, it was abandoned like many monasteries in the area. It was restored again in 1736. It was but abandoned again in 1828, and since then its building collapsed, and its walls are mostly just shoulder or waist high. Its ruins were preserved at the end of the 1970s and in 2006-2007. The ruins are open to the public.

Gallery

Intersection of the remains of the large wall
Reconstruction of the (T3) gate of the Celtic Castle of Dünsberg
Ruins of the Pauline Monastery built within the castle area
Ancient tribes in the middle Danube river basin around 1st C. BCE

References

^ Máté Szabó. "Aerial archaeological research in Hungary in 2011". Régészeti Kutatások Magyarországon - Archaeological Research in Hungary (in Hungarian and English). 2011. 1088 Budapest, Múzeum krt. 14–16.: Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum - Hungarian National Museum: 326, 328. Retrieved 6 March 2019.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
^ BuzÁs GERGELY. "Pécs, Jakab-hegy, pálos kolostorrom - Pécs, Jakab Hill, my Pauline monastery". Régészeti Kutatások Magyarországon - Archaeological Research in Hungary (in Hungarian and English). 2007. 1088 Budapest, Múzeum krt. 14–16.: Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum - Hungarian National Museum: 257–260. Retrieved 6 March 2019.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
^ Pető Ákos; Gáti Csilla. "ADATOK A PÉCS-JAKAB-HEGY TERÜLETÉN VÉGZETT RÉGÉSZETI TALAJTANI ÉS TOPOGRÁFIAI VIZSGÁLATOKHOZ". Magyar Régészet (in Hungarian). 2016: 14–22.
^ Gáti Csilla. "LÉGI LÉZERSZKENNELÉS EREDMÉNYEI A PÉCS MELLETTI JAKAB-HEGYEN- Results from LIDAR evaluation of the Jakob's Hill Castle" (PDF). Magyar Régészet. 2017: 11–20. Retrieved 6 March 2019.

External links

[1] Máté Szabó. "Aerial archaeological research in Hungary in 2011". Régészeti Kutatások Magyarországon - Archaeological Research in Hungary (in Hungarian and English). 2011. 1088 Budapest, Múzeum krt. 14–16.: Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum - Hungarian National Museum: 326, 328. Retrieved 6 March 2019.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: location (link)

[2] BuzÁs GERGELY. "Pécs, Jakab-hegy, pálos kolostorrom - Pécs, Jakab Hill, my Pauline monastery". Régészeti Kutatások Magyarországon - Archaeological Research in Hungary (in Hungarian and English). 2007. 1088 Budapest, Múzeum krt. 14–16.: Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum - Hungarian National Museum: 257–260. Retrieved 6 March 2019.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: location (link)

[3] Pető Ákos; Gáti Csilla. "ADATOK A PÉCS-JAKAB-HEGY TERÜLETÉN VÉGZETT RÉGÉSZETI TALAJTANI ÉS TOPOGRÁFIAI VIZSGÁLATOKHOZ". Magyar Régészet (in Hungarian). 2016: 14–22.

[4] Gáti Csilla. "LÉGI LÉZERSZKENNELÉS EREDMÉNYEI A PÉCS MELLETTI JAKAB-HEGYEN- Results from LIDAR evaluation of the Jakob's Hill Castle" (PDF). Magyar Régészet. 2017: 11–20. Retrieved 6 March 2019.

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