A grooved stone beater (Chinese: 有槽石棒; pinyin: yǒu-cáo-shí-bàng) is a kind of club-like stone tool with grooves. Sometimes it's called a bark beater or pottery-stamped stone tool. Some scholars think that such names with clear functional indications are not supported by archaeological evidence, and therefore they still call it grooved stone beater.[1]: 109
Grooved stone beaters are stone tools that were made of a rock completely polished and without sharp blades, usually with the used part and the handle part, and the used part can often be seen with grooves, which are either paralleled or intersected. They are found across Taiwan but primarily in eastern and northern region in small quantity, including Yuanshan Site,[2] Talungtung Site,[3] and Chihshanyan Site,[4] Taipei; Chungleng Site[5] and Henan Road Site,[6] Taichung; Kuomushan Site and archaeological sites in Tainan Science Park, Tainan;[1]: 120 Kenting Site, Pintung; Peinan Site, Tulan Site, Liyushan Site, and Tunghe Site, Taitung; and Hsincheng Site, Su'ao, Yilan. Only very small numbers were found at a single site.
Grooved stone beaters are mostly collected from the surface. Due to its insufficient number, the connection or contexts of these stone beaters with the archaeological cultures is not known. There are 26 stone beaters unearthed in Peinan Site,[1]: 126 which contains most of the stone beaters found. The materials of these stone beaters include sandstones, siltstones, slates, mudstones, and shales. Usually, these materials are not durable when hitting in consecutive beats.[1]: 113
Through observations on these grooved stone beaters, only fragments of beater's heads are discovered, and the beaters were broken between the head part and the handle part, indicating that the head received most of the force. It can be roughly suspected that it's used to hit other objects. Records show that the Amis (Pangcah) people produce the bark cloth (tapa), but the beaters are mostly made of wood. Based on the ratio of the unearthed spindle whorl and the grooved stone beaters, Lien Chao-Mei suspected that the clothing of Peinan Site was primarily made of twining threads instead of bark cloth.
References
edit- ^ a b c d 連照美 (2013). "〈再論「有槽石棒」〉（Advanced Research on "Grooved Baton," a Rare Type of Stone Implements in Neolithic Taiwan）". 《東亞考古學的再思——張光直先生逝世十週年紀念散文集》（A Re-evaluation of East Asian Archaeology: Academic Symposium to Commemorate the Tenth Anniversary of Kwang-chih Chang's Death）. 歷史語言研究所會議論文集之十一. 臺北: 中央研究院歷史語言研究所: 109–134.
- ^ 張光直(Chang Kwang Chih ) (1954). "〈圓山發掘對臺灣史前史研究之貢獻〉". 《大陸雜誌》. 9 (2): 36–41.
- ^ 朱正宜、邱水金等 (2012). 《大龍峒遺址搶救發掘及施工監看計畫成果報告書》. 財團法人樹谷文化基金會.
- ^ 夏麗芳, ed. (2004). 《盧錫波先生收藏考古標本圖錄》. 國立臺灣史前文化博物館.
- ^ 劉益昌 (1999). 《存在的未知：台中地區的考古遺址與史前文化》. 台中縣立文化中心.
- ^ 屈慧麗 (2009). 《城市考古：隨筆與論述》. 國立自然科學博物館.